# Constitution of the United States

> US Constitution, Bill of Rights, Amendments, US History


## Posts

- [Articles of the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/articles-of-us-constitution/): In 1787, the Continental Congress called for the drafting of a new constitution, which became the U.S. Constitution. The seven articles of the Constitution were written at the nation&#8217;s inception and serve as a remarkably drafted blueprint for government. What are the seven articles of the Constitution? The United States Constitution comprises seven articles detailing the framework of the federal government of the United States of America. The Constitution outlines the three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) and their respective powers and responsibilities. It also establishes the system of federalism, outlines the process for amending the Constitution, and [&hellip;]
- [When Was The Constitution Ratified?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/when-was-the-constitution-ratified/): US Constitution Ratified: The Raw Dates: The Constitution was adopted by a convention of the States on September 17, 1787, and was subsequently ratified by several States, on the following dates:  Delaware, December 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey, December 18, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut, January 9, 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, June 21, 1788. Ratification was completed on June 21, 1788. The Constitution was subsequently ratified by: Virginia, June 25, 1788; New York, July 26, 1788;North Carolina, November 21, 1789; Rhode Island, May 29, 1790; Vermont, January 10, 1791. Once [&hellip;]
- [How to Read Roman Numerals](https://constitutionus.com/misc/how-to-read-roman-numerals/): What are Roman Numerals? Roman numerals may look like numbers. But they resemble letters like V, M, and C. At first, the Roman numbers were pictograms. Then, they became similar to what we now know as Latin script. History of Roman Numerals As the Roman Empire grew and took in all of Europe, the numerals incorporated some Greek mathematical concepts. And with them, the letters that meant one thousand and one hundred. Some even suggest they may have copied the letter for fifty as well. The first five Roman numerals One Just like the Chinese, Romans used a line to [&hellip;]
- [President Abraham Lincoln](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-abraham-lincoln/): When was Abraham Lincoln born? Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809. Where was Abraham Lincoln born? Abraham Lincoln was born in Hodgenville, Kentucky. How old was Abraham Lincoln when he became president? Abraham Lincoln was elected at the age of 52. What years was Abraham Lincoln president? Abraham Lincoln was president from 1861-1865. When did Abraham Lincoln die? Abraham Lincoln died at the age of 56 in 1865. How did Abraham Lincoln die? He was assassinated. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th American President, from 1861 to 1865. It was during his administration that the American Civil War occurred. This was [&hellip;]
- [President Theodore Roosevelt](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-theodore-roosevelt/): When was Theodore Roosevelt born? Theodore Roosevelt was born in 1858. Where was Theodore Roosevelt born? Theodore Roosevelt was born in New York City. How old was Theodore Roosevelt when he became president? Theodore Roosevelt was elected at the age of 42. What years was Theodore Roosevelt president? Theodore Roosevelt was president from 1901 – 1909. When did Theodore Roosevelt die? Theodore Roosevelt died at the age of 60 in 1919. How did Theodore Roosevelt die? He died of a heart attack. Spirit and Memory of Theodore Roosevelt A handful of American presidents create a strong mental image when you [&hellip;]
- [What Is The Constitutional Amendment Process?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-the-constitutional-amendment-process/): Constitutional Amendment Definition The amendments to the Constitution are vital laws that changed the rights of citizens. They also allowed for a more equal society and generally updated the original document. What is an amendment? So, what is the constitutional amendment process to turn proposed bills into legal changes to the Constitution? The constitutional amendment process requires complex steps before the Constitution can be changed. Amendment Process At its core, the constitutional amendment process is one of just two steps. They are adoption and ratification. However, the work and time required to complete each step mean that few get through. [&hellip;]
- [President Ronald Reagan](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-ronald-reagan/): When was Ronald Reagan born? Ronald Reagan was born in 1911. Where was Ronald Reagan born? Ronald Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois. How old was Ronald Reagan when he became president? Ronald Reagan became president at the age of 69. What years was Ronald Reagan president? Ronald Reagan was president from 1981 – 1989. When did Ronald Reagan die? Ronald Reagan died at the age of 93 in 2004. How did Ronald Reagan die? He died of pneumonia, complicated by Alzheimer&#8217;s disease. Ronald Reagan was marked in American history as president of the United States, being elected in 1980 [&hellip;]
- [When Was the Bill of Rights Ratified?](https://constitutionus.com/bill-of-rights/when-was-the-bill-of-rights-ratified/): Although it was introduced around the same time, the Bill of Rights is separate from the main constitution. The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments to the constitution. When was the Bill of Rights ratified? The Bill of Rights was ratified on&nbsp;December 15th, 1791. However, the process was not so simple as some states were not so open to accepting it at first.&nbsp; Read on to find out how the Bill of Rights was actually ratified. Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights is arguably one of the most important sections of the United States Constitution. It [&hellip;]
- [Female Presidents and Vice Presidents](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/female-candidates-for-us-president-and-vice-president/): There is no doubt that females have been underrepresented when it comes to presidential and vice-presidential candidates. Has there been a female vice president? Has there been a female president? Although there have been candidates for both positions, only Kamala Harris has been selected as vice president, and there have been no successful female candidates for President of the United States. Influential Female Candidates The recent election of Kamala Harris to the role of Vice President to President Joe Biden is a milestone in women&#8217;s history in American politics. However, is there too much emphasis on recent achievements, and do we forget other significant players? [&hellip;]
- [Where Is Innocent Until Proven Guilty Found in the Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/where-is-innocent-until-proven-guilty-found-in-the-constitution/): The term "innocent until proven guilty" is something that we can easily take for granted within the legal system and, more specifically, the criminal justice system. We are used to presumed innocence in a modern courtroom where the prosecution has to work to prove a defendant's guilt. 
- [What Amendment Includes the Freedom of Speech?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/what-amendment-includes-the-freedom-of-speech/): Freedom of Speech and the Constitution Freedom of Speech is one of the five freedoms protected by the First Amendment of the United States Bill of Rights. These freedoms include free speech, religious freedom, free press, freedom of assembly, and government petitioning. These freedoms are some of the foundational principles of the United States. When Was the Bill of Rights Written and Ratified? The Bill of Rights was not an original part of the United States Constitution when the founding document was written at the first Constitutional Convention of 1787. Nevertheless, the absence of such a list of rights was a source of heated debate. The Federalists opposed [&hellip;]
- [President John F. Kennedy](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-john-f-kennedy/): Number President: John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States. Political Party: Democratic. When was John F. Kennedy born? John F. Kennedy was born on May 29th, 1917. Where was John F. Kennedy born? John F. Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts. How old was John F. Kennedy when he became president? John F. Kennedy was elected at the age of 43. What years was John F. Kennedy president? John F. Kennedy was president for just one term for 2 years from 1961 to 1963. When did John F. Kennedy die? John F. Kennedy died at 46 [&hellip;]
- [Read the Text of Trump's Impeachment Letter to Pelosi](https://constitutionus.com/impeachment/read-the-text-of-trumps-impeachment-letter-to-pelosi/): Related resources to Donald J. Trump: The following text is taken directly from President Donald Trump&#8217;s letter to the Speaker of the House &#8211; Nancy Pelosi. Click here if you prefer to read a PDF version of Trump&#8217;s letter. Dear Madam Speaker: I write to express my strongest and most powerful protest against the partisan impeachment crusade being pursued by the Democrats in the House of Representatives. This impeachment represents an unprecedented and unconstitutional abuse of power by Democrat Lawmakers, unequaled in nearly two and a half centuries of American legislative history. The Articles of Impeachment introduced by the House [&hellip;]
- [President Barack Obama](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-barack-obama/): When was Barack Obama born? Barack Obama was born in 1961. Where was Barack Obama born? Barack Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. How old was Barack Obama when he became president? Barack Obama became president at the age of 47. What years was Barack Obama president? Barack Obama was president from 2009 – 2017. Barack Obama was the 44th president of the US. Through the Democratic Party, he served the country for two terms ranging between 2009 and 2017. Barack Obama made history as the first African-American to be elected for presidency in the US. He also made history [&hellip;]
- [Who Was the Oldest President?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/who-was-the-oldest-president/): According to the constitution, there is no age limit as a requirement for the president. This means that the United States President can be as old as they like.
- [Who Was the Youngest President?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/who-was-the-youngest-president/): To be president of the United States at any age is an amazing feat achieved by just 46 people so far. To be the youngest president is even more of an achievement to be able to get to that position at such a young age.
- [POLL 12th September 2021 - Withdrawal from Afghanistan](https://constitutionus.com/polls/poll-12th-september-2021-withdrawal-from-afghanistan/)
- [President George Washington](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-george-washington/): While the United States' first president could have turned into a despot whom the people hated, President Washington remains one of the most popular United States Presidents in American history. President George Washington will always be first in the hearts of many Americans.
- [President Joe Biden](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-joe-biden/): When was Joe Biden born? Joe Biden was born in 1942. Where was Joe Biden born? Joe Biden was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania. How old was Joe Biden when he became president? Joe Biden became president at the age of 78. What years was Joe Biden president? Joe Biden has been president since 2021. Joseph Robinette Biden, also known only as Joe Biden, was elected in November 2020 to serve as the 46th president of the United States. He served as vice president under Barack Obama (2009-2017). Joe Biden had speech difficulties as a kid. It was extremely challenging for him, and [&hellip;]
- [President Donald Trump](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-donald-trump/): Writing a chronology or standard biography of Donald J Trump as president of the United States isn't easy. Nothing about this era in American political history is normal. Trump is still a divisive figure that many critics agree rewrote the rulebook on being president.
- [Trump's Letter to Pelosi PDF (Original)](https://constitutionus.com/books/trumps-letter-to-pelosi-pdf-original/): First page of Trump&#8217;s letter to Pelosi on the eve of his impeachment vote Click here to read the text online of Trump&#8217;s letter to Pelosi On the eve of the impeachment vote for President Donald Trump, he sent a letter to the speaker of the house, Nancy Pelosi. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam [&hellip;]
- [Free PDF of US Declaration of Independence](https://constitutionus.com/additional-documents/free-pdf-of-us-declaration-of-independence/): Scroll down to download your free PDF copy of the Declaration of Independence. The US Declaration of Independence is the official document that was written to declare independence for the 13 Colonies on 4th July 1776. Why Another Declaration of Independence PDF? This PDF version of the Declaration of Independence has been prepared by constitutionus.com using a revised version of the Declaration of Independence which is newly formatted. We wanted to make this PDF as accessible as possible and have therefore refrained from commentary or other explanations. If you require such, you can find information here on the Declaration of [&hellip;]
- [Free Printable US Bill of Rights PDF](https://constitutionus.com/books/us-bill-of-rights-downloadable-printable-and-free-pdf/): The Bill of Rights is a collection of the first 10 amendments of the US Constitution. It contains the following amendments: 1st Amendment: Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition 2nd Amendment: Right to bear arms 3rd Amendment: Protection against the quartering of soldiers in your home 4th Amendment: Unreasonable searches and seizures prohibited 5th Amendment: Right not to self-incriminate. Double Jeopardy. Right to due process and protection of property 6th Amendment: Right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury 7th Amendment: Right to confront witnesses and have legal counsel 8th Amendment: Excessive bail and fines [&hellip;]
- [President Bill Clinton](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-bill-clinton/): Bill Clinton was the 42nd President of the United States. He was born William Jefferson Clinton on August 19th, 1946. He was elected president on the Democratic Party ticket in 1992.
- [President James Madison](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-james-madison/): When was James Madison born? James Madison was born in 1751. Where was James Madison born? James Madison was born in Belle Grove, Port Conway, Virginia. How old was James Madison when he became president? James Madison was elected at the age of 58. What years was James Madison president? James Madison was president from 1809-1817. When did James Madison die? James Madison died in 1836 at the age of 85. How did James Madison die? He died from heart failure.  One of the Greatest Presidents James Madison took on roles that secured his place in history as a diplomat and [&hellip;]
- [US Citizenship: The Ultimate Guide to Naturalization](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-to-become-a-us-citizen/): Resources related to &#8220;How to become a US Citizen&#8221;: How do you become a US Citizen? It is a long process with many requirements and can take over five years to complete.  The Four Methods for Obtaining Citizenship 1) Citizenship by being born in the United States This one is relatively simple and applies to any child born in any United States or within inhabited territories, such as Guam and Puerto Rico.  This is an automatic right to citizenship and the Constitutional rights this gives. The comes from the 14th amendment, which states: &#8220;All persons born or naturalized in the United States, [&hellip;]
- [How To Cite the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/citing-and-quoting-the-constitution/): The method for citing the Constitution will vary based on whether you are using the APA or MLA formats, but both are easy to use and are described fully below.
- [What Was the Great Compromise?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-great-compromise/): The Great Compromise was a solution where both large and small states would be fairly represented by creating two houses of Congress. 
- [The Constitutional Rights of the People of the United States](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-constitutional-rights-of-the-people-of-the-united-states/): The United States of America is a country proud of the freedoms offered to its people. The Government readily cites this when comparing the US to other nations.
- [Alabama Constitution of 1901](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/alabamas-state-constitution-1901-full-text/): Download Alabama Constitution PDF + Amendments CONSTITUTION OF THE&nbsp;STATE OF ALABAMA, AS ADOPTED BY THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, SEPTEMBER 3, 1901, AND IN EFFECT NOVEMBER 28, 1901. We, the people of the State of Alabama, in order to establish justice, insure domestic tranquility and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God, do ordain and establish the following Constitution and form of government for the State of Alabama: ARTICLE I. DECLARATION OF RIGHTS. That the great, general, and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognized and established, we [&hellip;]
- [The First Amendment Right of Freedom of the Press](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-first-amendment-right-of-freedom-of-the-press/): The First Amendment guaranteed five specific freedoms. The First Amendment provides freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, freedom to petition the government, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press. 
- [US President Zachary Taylor](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/us-president-zachary-taylor/): Zachary Taylor spent much of his life outside of politics before embarking on a lackluster election campaign and dying two years into his presidency.
- [US President James Monroe](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-james-monroe/): While James Monroe doesn't always get the same recognition level as Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, or Benjamin Franklin, his long political career was monumental.
- [The Constitution - Defining the US Central Government](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-constitution-defining-the-us-central-government/): The US government is not without its complexities, and to understand the US central government, you need to understand its definition.
- [What Is the Purpose of the Preamble?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-preamble-of-the-us-constitution/): The framers of the United States Constitution sought to construct a document that would clarify their intention to break away from the crown of England.
- [Free Speech and the First Amendment](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/free-speech-and-the-first-amendment/): The principle of free speech and freedom of the press is sacrosanct to most Americans. And the First Amendment to the United States Constitution is arguably the most discussed legal topic of all time. 
- [What is a Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-a-constitution/): Constitution Definition The word &#8220;constitution&#8221; comes from the Latin word constitutio. It is a collection of foundational principles or precedents that make up (or constitute) the legal basis of an organization or government by determining how that entity will be governed. Constitution Meaning Similar terms for a constitution include a charter, body of law, system of laws, and fundamental principles. It is a composition of something. As a legal document, it is a collection of laws and regulations that create a ruling document for a government. The most common usage of the word constitution is to refer to the ruling charter [&hellip;]
- [First Amendment Freedoms - Freedom of Religion](https://constitutionus.com/bill-of-rights/first-amendment-freedoms-freedom-of-religion/): Freedom of religion is one of the five basic freedoms laid out in the 1st Amendment of the United States Constitution.
- [The 27th Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-27th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 27th Amendment has a peculiar history. It was ratified in 1993 but was written over 200 years earlier by James Madison in 1789.
- [26th Amendment Of The United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/26th-amendment-of-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): Section One of the Twenty Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution states that the legal age to vote for United States citizens is eighteen years of age or older.
- [The Articles of Confederation – Who, What, When, and Why?](https://constitutionus.com/additional-documents/who-wrote-the-articles-of-confederation/): The members of the Second Continental Congress wrote the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. It was the forerunner to the United States constitution. 
- [24th Amendment of The United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/24th-amendment-of-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): What Is the Twenty Fourth Amendment? Section One of the 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified on January 23, 1964, asserts that United States citizens have the right to participate in voting in any primary or other election for President or Vice President. For Representatives of Congress, Senators, electors for President or Vice President, voters shall not be invalidated due to not paying a poll tax or any other taxation by any State or the United States. Section Two of the Amendment states that Congress can enact the Article through the appropriate legislation. The Interpretation Most of the [&hellip;]
- [The 23rd Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-23rd-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): Section One of the Twenty-Third Amendment gives people who live in the District of Ohio the right to vote in Presidential elections.
- [21st Amendment Summary](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-21st-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): Section one of the Twenty-First Amendment of the United States Constitution states that the Constitution's 18th Amendment is repealed. 
- [Is the United States a Republic?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/is-the-united-states-a-republic/): The United States of America is defined as a constitutional republic.
- [Is the Bill of Rights Part of the Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/is-the-bill-of-rights-part-of-the-constitution/): The Bill of Rights is not part of the United States Constitution but rather a series of Amendments to the Constitution. It is housed within the Constitution but not a part of the document itself. 
- [The 19th Amendment to the US Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-19th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 19th Amendment granted the right to vote to American women. The struggle for women's suffrage had been long and hard, dating back to before the Civil War.
- [The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-15th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The Fifteenth Amendment was enacted in the United States Constitution in 1870 during the Reconstruction Era. The clause grants the right to vote to African American men. 
- [The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-13th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 13th Amendment was passed and ratified in 1865 and effectively abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States. It ranks as the first of three Reconstruction Amendments in the wake of the American Civil War.
- [12th Amendment Simplified](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-12th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 12th Amendment introduced major changes to the electoral process in the United States.
- [The 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-11th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 11th Amendment aimed to ensure that federal judicial power did not extend to disputes involving states and a citizen of a different state or a foreign state.
- [10th Amendment Simplified](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-10th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 10th Amendment simply says that any powers that aren't mentioned in the Constitution as belonging to the government belong to the states themselves.
- [Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-9th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The Ninth Amendment of the United States Constitution states that the federal government doesn't own the rights that are not listed in the Constitution, instead, they belong to the people.
- [8th Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-8th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): 8th Amendment“Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” 8th Amendment Simplified According to the 8th Amendment of the United States Constitution, fines should not be imposed in excess, nor excess bail be required. It also prohibits any punishment that is brutal and barbaric. The amendment, which was ratified on December 15, 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights, protects criminal defendants from receiving cruel and unusual punishment from the federal government. This is for both being punished for a crime or as excessive bail for being released before a trial. [&hellip;]
- [Explanation of 'We the People'](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/we-the-people/): A huge amount of thought was put into the wording of the United States Constitution. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the constitution's preamble starts with 'We the People.'
- [7th Amendment Simplified](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-7th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The first 10 Amendments to the United States Constitution are collectively called the Bill of Rights. Like the other nine, Amendment VII is all about protecting the rights of the individual.
- [6th Amendment Simplified](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-6th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 6th Amendment is sometimes informally referred to as the Speedy Trial Amendment or the Right to an Attorney Amendment because these are two of its key protections, but it guarantees several additional rights as well. What is the 6th Amendment? The 6th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees specific rights to individuals accused of crimes, ensuring they receive a fair, public, and impartial trial with legal representation. Read on to find out exactly what 6th Amendment rights there are. 6th AmendmentIn all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial [&hellip;]
- [17th Amendment Simplified](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-17th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): 17th Amendment 1: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. 2: When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the [&hellip;]
- [16th Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-16th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 16th Amendment was ratified in 1913. It states that Congress has the right to levy taxes on income of any kind. The tax is imposed without any regard for demographics and also without distributing it among states.
- [22nd Amendment Simplified](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-22nd-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 22nd Amendment to the United States Constitution was created to change the two-term policy of the president from being a tradition to actually being a law.
- [20th Amendment to the United States Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-twentieth-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 20th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified on January 23, 1933, shortened the timeframe between a president and vice president being elected and taking office. It also changed the date when Congress must meet and explained these changes in six sections. Full Text of the 20th Amendment to the US Constitution 1: The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms [&hellip;]
- [The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-eighteenth-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): What Is the Eighteenth Amendment? The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution banned the processing, moving, and selling of intoxicating alcohol and was ratified on January 16, 1919.  However, it did not prohibit people from consuming, producing for personal consumption, or being in private possession of intoxicating liquors.  Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam [&hellip;]
- [History of Thanksgiving (and why we eat turkey!)](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/the-origin-and-history-of-thanksgiving/): Thanksgiving Day is a holiday where we give thanks for everything we have. People are typically thankful for family, friends, life, and entertainment, among other necessities in our lives.
- [History of Labor Day](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/labor-day/): Labor Day is a federal holiday in the United States and other Western countries that honors laborers' contribution to our society. Outside of the United States, it is known as International Labor Day.
- [4th Amendment to the United States Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-4th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 4th amendment simplified and summarized.  Explanation and definition of what the 4th amendment means and why it is so important. Includes 4th amendment rights about search and seizure.
- [3rd Amendment Simplified](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-3rd-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): 3rd AmendmentNo Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Introduction to 3rd Amendment The United States Constitution and the first ten amendments were drawn up when British military force and administrative behavior were fresh in the founding fathers&#8217; minds.  Each of these early amendments deals with a different problem that faced the fledgling nation. The 3rd Amendment, which forms part of the Bill of Rights ratified on December 15, 1791, and is also known as the Quartering Soldiers [&hellip;]
- [2nd Amendment to the United States Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-2nd-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): Text of 2nd Amendment of the ConstitutionA well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed What Is the 2nd Amendment? The 2nd Amendment to the United States Constitution is a single sentence with profound implications. It is also known as the &#8220;right to bear arms&#8221; amendment. What Right Does the Second Amendment Give Citizens? As part of the Bill of Rights, this amendment safeguards the right of US citizens to bear arms. The right to bear arms has been jealously defended up to [&hellip;]
- [List of the 27 Amendments](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/constitutional-amendments/): List of all 27 amendments
- [14th Amendment Simplified](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-14th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): 14th Amendment of the Constitution1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 2: Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting [&hellip;]
- [The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-25th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): 25th Amendment of the Constitution In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he [&hellip;]
- [5th Amendment Simplified](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-5th-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): The 5th Amendment to the United States Constitution contains 108 words and 589 characters. It is composed of 5 sentences. Full Text of the 5th Amendment to the US Constitution No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor [&hellip;]
- [The First Amendment to the United States Constitution Explained](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/the-first-amendment-to-the-united-states-constitution-explained/): 1st Amendment of the ConstitutionCongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. What is the 1st Amendment? The First Amendment protects freedoms such as free speech, religious freedom, and press freedom. Guaranteed Freedoms in the First Amendment The 1st Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees American citizens basic rights. These are: the freedom to practice a religion of your choosing the freedom to speak freely the [&hellip;]
- [Constitution Day: I am an American](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/constitution-day/): Constitution Day US The anniversary of the day that the US Constitution was written and signed by 39 delegates is called Constitution Day. By law, in the public American educational system, teachers must set aside to teach about the Constitution. The signing of the US Constitution On September 17th, 1787, the United States Constitution was written and signed by 39 men at the Continental Congress. This was an event that changed America. Many years later, once the United States of America had become a thriving nation, patriotism was rampant. In the year 1939, William Randolph Hearst from New York City [&hellip;]
- [United States Documents of Freedom](https://constitutionus.com/original-documents/united-states-documents-of-freedom/): While high-resolution images are availble at US Government archives, they are very large files (8-16MB each), hard to use because of their size, and are at print resolution of 300 dpi which is wasted in simply viewing.  Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. Some sites have shrunken images that are [&hellip;]
- [Overview Of US Bill Of Rights](https://constitutionus.com/bill-of-rights/overview-of-bill-of-rights/): The US Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, all of which were ratified by the requisite number of states on December 15, 1791.
- [The Impeachment Process](https://constitutionus.com/impeachment/the_impeachment_process/): Resources related to &#8220;The Impeachment Process&#8221;: The impeachment trial of Donald Trump is one of only two such trials in living memory and introduced a foreign and confusing process. There is always a lot of confusion over the impeachment process and how it developed into what it is today. Impeachment Definition The definition of impeachment is the initiation of charges against a public official from their position due to extreme mismanagement. Impeachment is a unique situation that takes advantage of both Executive and Legal processes. How Does the Impeachment Process Work? There is a lot to consider to appreciate the impeachment process&#8217;s [&hellip;]
- [Free PDF Of the US Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/books/us_constitution_pdf/): United States Constitution PDF The US Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. Although there were multiple authors, James Madison is known as the main author and the Father of the Constitution. It was composed of discussions at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. You will find the following articles in the PDF: Article i Article ii Article iii Article iv Article v Article vi Article vii The US Constitution is an important document that establishes the foundations of the United States. It outlines the rights and responsibilities of citizens, as well as the structure and powers [&hellip;]
- [Article 7 of the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/articles/article7/): Article 7 states that when 9 states approve of the Constitution in their conventions, then the Constitution shall be set up as the government for the states that have approved it.
- [Article 6 of the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/articles/article6/): Article 6 describes the powers and supremacy of the US Constitution when establishing laws and treaties.
- [Article 5 of the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/articles/article5/): Article 5 describes how the US Constitution can be changed or updated. We see this in the form of ammendments.
- [Article 4 of the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/articles/article4/): Article 4 describes the establishment of states and their relationship to each other. It also describes the interaction with the central federal government.
- [Article 3 of the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/articles/article3/): Article 3 focuses on the judicial branch and the powers of the court. They are there to establish law and order.
- [Article 2 of the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/articles/article2/): Article 2 establishes the executive branch of the federal government. It also describes their roles and responsibilities.
- [Who Wrote the Constitution? Will the True Author Please Stand Up?!](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/who_wrote_the_constitution/): There is no single author of the Constitution. Several different people were contributors. It also includes language that was directly lifted from other sources.
- [Should You Read U.S. Constitution for Dummies?](https://constitutionus.com/books/constitution_for_dummies/): U.S. Constitution for Dummies&nbsp;by Dr. Michael Arnheim is a fairly well-rounded and objective resource that students from all walks of life can use to get a firmer grip on this important document. There are some personal interpretations that not all readers will agree with. However, it is still an overall great tool for understanding the history, general intent, and role of the Constitution in politics today. U.S. Constitution for Dummies&nbsp;not only makes understanding the United States Constitution easy but also helps readers make connections between the document itself and the many modern issues surrounding it. Introduction to the History and [&hellip;]
- [When and Where Was the US Constitution Written?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/constitution_when_and_where/): When Was the US Constitution Written? The United States Constitution was written from May to September 1787. Since then, 27 amendments have been changed or added to the Constitution. Where Was the US Constitution Written? The Constitution was written and signed in Philadelphia in the Pennsylvania State House Assembly Room. This room is now known as Independence Hall to remember the events that took place there. The Founding Fathers When reading and evaluating the Constitution, it is clear that such a document could only have come about through extensive discussions by highly educated leaders. Men like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, [&hellip;]
- [Read the Declaration Of Independence](https://constitutionus.com/original-documents/declaration-of-independence-2/): Further Reading on the Declaration of Independence: What Are Two Rights in the Declaration of Independence? Who Wrote the Declaration of Independence? When Was the Declaration of Independence Adopted? What Did the Declaration of Independence Do? All About the Declaration of Independence Free PDF of US Declaration of Independence When Did America Gain Independence? When Do We Celebrate Independence Day? What Are Unalienable Rights?   The Declaration of Independence IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776. The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, Introduction WHEN in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands [&hellip;]
- [Grover Cleveland's Family](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/grover-clevelands-family/): Grover Cleveland &#8211; The Player Grover Cleveland is famous for having one of the most interesting family lives of all the presidents in American history. Others took office that endured sex scandals OR that married much younger wives. Yet, Cleveland managed both in a reasonably short space of time. Why Is Grover Cleveland’s Family So Famous? The shortened version of events is that Grover entered the White House as a bachelor after a story about an illegitimate child threatened his campaign. A couple of years later, he married a woman nearly 30 years his junior in the White House. He [&hellip;]
- [Alexander Hamilton: Founding Father and Revolutionary War Figure](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/alexander-hamilton-founding-father-and-revolutionary-war-figure/): Alexander Hamilton was a revolutionary war hero and founding father who helped create the country&#8217;s financial system. Although his life was cut short in a duel, he achieved enough to remain famous long after his death. He is on the $10 bill, and there are many statues and memorials in his honor. Hamilton Grew Up Poor and Rose to the Top Hamilton grew up poor, quickly became parentless, and used his energy and many talents to overcome his difficult circumstances. He was born on a Caribbean island out of wedlock in 1755 or 1757, and his early life was an [&hellip;]
- [Vice Presidents of James Madison](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/vice-presidents-of-james-madison/): Founding Father James Madison, the fourth president of the United States, had two vice presidents who served under him during his two presidential terms in the White House. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. James Madison had no Vice-President for a time. There were two periods of time where he [&hellip;]
- [History of Feminism in the United States](https://constitutionus.com/womens-rights/history-of-feminism-in-the-united-states/): Waves of Feminism Feminism is commonly defined as the belief in women&#8217;s economic and political equality. The concept and support of feminism have enjoyed a long history in the United States of America, with its beginnings rooted in the fight for women&#8217;s suffrage of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. While the concept has existed since the beginnings of civilization, the more recent history of feminism is usually divided into three different waves known as the first wave, second wave, and third-wave feminism. History of Feminism All three of these waves have had strong support in the United States [&hellip;]
- [All About Chelsea Clinton](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/all-about-chelsea-clinton/): Chelsea Victoria Clinton was born in Little Rock, Arkansas on February 27th, 1980. How old is Chelsea Clinton? Chelsea Clinton&#8217;s age is now years old. Her net worth is difficult to calculate as her parents and her husband are wealthy in their own right. What is Chelsea Clinton&#8217;s net worth? Chelsea Clinton&#8217;s personal net worth is rumored to be about $30m.   Chelsea Clinton&#8217;s Early Years Chelsea Clinton is the only child and daughter of former President Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton. Her father, Bill, was governor of Arkansas when she was born and throughout elementary school. She attended [&hellip;]
- [One Term Presidents](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/presidents-who-only-served-one-term/): According to the United States Constitution, presidents are only allowed to serve two terms. However, for various reasons, some presidents only serve one term. How many presidents only served one term? 13 presidents have only served one term as president. How many presidents served only one term? The United States has had 47 different presidents during its history, many of whom had successful administrations over multiple terms. However, many presidents have only served one term in office for various reasons, including poor leadership, unfulfilled campaign promises, or political opposition. Thirteen presidents have only served one term in the White House. [&hellip;]
- [Key Reasons for the High Cost of Healthcare in the US](https://constitutionus.com/health/key-reasons-for-the-high-cost-of-healthcare-in-the-us/): What makes US healthcare so expensive? US healthcare is far more expensive than other progressive nations. Today, millions of Americans are getting overburdened by ever-growing insurance premiums and out-of-pocket expenses, making it more challenging for many to seek quality medical care. The amount the country spends on healthcare per person dwarfs other advanced nations. And regrettably, the costs are increasing. A significant percentage of income is used for health insurance premiums. On the other hand, the federal government disburses more than $1 trillion in subsidies for national health care programs, such as Medicare, Medicaid, etc. Consequently, the federal government spends [&hellip;]
- [Treason and the US Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/treason-and-the-us-constitution/): The History Of Treason Treason as a crime has probably existed for as long as there have been governments. The broadest meaning of treason is attacking or betraying a governmental authority to which one owes allegiance. The word originally comes from the Latin verb tradere, which means &#8220;hand over&#8221; and refers to Christians who handed other Christians over to the Roman authorities. Traditionally, treason has meant any act against a governing authority and was punishable by death. A common pre-modern definition of treason meant actions against the king, usually in the context of a kingdom&#8217;s internal politics. Treason could include [&hellip;]
- [Is Puerto Rico Part of the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/territories/how-and-when-did-puerto-rico-become-part-of-the-united-states/): The answer to the question: Is Puerto Rico part of the United States? depends on your interpretation of what the word &#8216;part&#8217; actually means. It is officially a territory of the United States rather than a State or a Country of its own. When Did The United States Gain Control over Puerto Rico? On July 25, 1898, the United States invaded Spanish-controlled Puerto Rico during the Spanish-American war. Like Alfred Thayer Mahan and William H Seward, several top US Navy officers strongly advocated for capturing or purchasing Puerto Rico. Approximately one year later, on April 11, 1899, Spain signed the [&hellip;]
- [What is wrong with the electoral college?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-is-wrong-with-the-electoral-college/): About the Electoral College The Electoral College system has been marred with controversies for a long time. The most recent one was the 2016 presidential election. The Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton won the countrywide popular vote by over 2 million but lost on the Electoral College vote to Republican candidate Donald Trump. After trouncing his main rival, Trump was declared the winner by 74 electoral votes. Abolition of the Electoral College This sparked a heated debate among the US nationals, with some advocating for its abolition while others term it good for US politics. The debate is still raging, [&hellip;]
- [List of Free Constitution PDFs Available to Download and Print](https://constitutionus.com/books/list-of-free-pdfs-available-to-download-and-print/): Along with our free constitution website, ConstitutionUS.com also offers a number of unique publications for your download and enjoyment. They are also available to print. Please choose one of the following options: The US Constitution is the Sovereign Document of the United States. It was drafted at the Constitutional Convention and ratified by the states. Download US Constitution PDF The US Bill of Rights is a separate document from the US Constitution and contains the first 10 Amendments. It was created to define and explain the rights of US Citizens. Download US Bill of Rights So far, there have been [&hellip;]
- [Free PDF Of 27 Amendments to Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/books/free-pdf-of-27-amendments-to-constitution/): The 27 Amendments to the US Constitution have been used to make changes to the original constitution. The first 10 amendments are known as the Bill of Rights and were ratified together.
- [Incumbent Presidents Who Lost](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/latest-us-incumbent-presidents-who-failed-to-defend-their-positions/): Latest incumbents to lose the presidential election in the US The 2020 US presidential election saw the former vice president Joseph R. Biden trounce incumbent president Donald Trump to become the 46th president of the United States. However, Donald Trump is not the first commander-in-chief to fail to get re-elected. As it stands, of the 45 occupants of the White House before Joseph Biden, ten vied for the second term but lost to their opponents. The other three first-termers served a single term by choice. That said, let’s dive into the incumbent presidents who lost elections despite enjoying the incumbency [&hellip;]
- [Which Presidents Owned Slaves?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/which-presidents-owned-slaves/): Slave Owning Presidents There were 12 presidents who, at some point in their lives, owned slaves. They were among the first 18 presidents of the United States, and 8 of them were slave owners while still in their tenure as president. George Washington Had 123 Slaves When He Died Did George Washington own slaves? George Washington&nbsp;owned many slaves throughout his life, with 123 slaves in his stead at his death. Historians have documented that he treated his slaves just like most slave owners in Virginia. However, he developed moral issues against&nbsp;slavery&nbsp;after the revolution. He never publicly announced his impending opposition [&hellip;]
- [What is Shays Rebellion?](https://constitutionus.com/war/all-about-shays-rebellion/): How did Shays Rebellion start? On December 23rd, 1783, George Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. For the next three years, he led a quiet farming life at Mount Vernon. However, in the fall of 1786, he began to receive alarming reports of revolution coming from Massachusetts. Newspapers reported that a mob of some 4,000 farmers had organized themselves into an army, shutting down courts throughout Massachusetts. It was suggested that the government of Massachusetts itself was in danger of being overthrown by these radicals. Where did Shays Rebellion take place? Adding to Washington&#8217;s concerns was [&hellip;]
- [Where Is the Constitution On Display?](https://constitutionus.com/original-documents/where-is-the-us-constitution-kept/): Storing The Constitution Today, the original copy of the Constitution is kept in the National Archives Building in Washington, DC. The Constitution is stored alongside the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights. The room that displays these three pivotal documents is called the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom. The National Archives Museum is open to the public, allowing anyone who purchases a ticket to see these documents firsthand. The Constitution&#8217;s Journey A Working Document When the Constitution first went into effect, the Founding Fathers had little interest in the original piece of parchment. As a new frame of [&hellip;]
- [Which Presidents were Assassinated?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/which-us-presidents-were-assassinated/): Assassinated Presidents While the United States has had a relatively peaceful domestic history compared to many other countries, it has periodically suffered from violent political events such as assassinated presidents. How many Presidents were assassinated? On four separate occasions from 1865-1963, a US president was assassinated while in office, throwing the country into turmoil. Thankfully, in all four cases, a peaceful transition of power shifted from the deceased president to the vice president as laid out in the constitution. President Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated 5 days after the conclusion of the Civil War on April 14, [&hellip;]
- [Juicy Scandals From The Whitehouse](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/juicy-scandals-from-the-whitehouse/): There is always the hope that when we elect someone to the role of President of the United States, they will act in an honorable and honest manner. They should be able to run the country for the good of the nation, act as a role model, and keep their nose out of trouble. Unfortunately, that isn&#8217;t always the case. The White House has seen a fair few scandals over the years. While many of them take the form of political scandals &#8211; based on corruption, dodgy deals, and questionable use of public money &#8211; there are exceptions. What Non-Political [&hellip;]
- [Who Can Propose An Amendment To The Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/who-can-propose-an-amendment-to-the-constitution/): Proposing A Constitutional Amendment The Articles of Confederation was nearly impossible to change. Therefore, when the US Constitution was drafted, the Constitutional Convention included a more viable method for proposing an amendment. This was known as Article 5 of the Constitution. Article V of the Constitution states that an amendment to the Constitution can only happen in one of two ways. The first method is via Congress, while the second is from the state legislatures. Method 1: Constitutional Amendment Through Congress The more popular of the two methods of changing the constitution is by acquiring a two-thirds majority in the [&hellip;]
- [Who are the Presidents on Mount Rushmore?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/who-are-the-mount-rushmore-presidents/): Mount Rushmore is a monument to commemorate a list of 4 United States Presidents for their achievements. Who are the 4 presidents on Mount Rushmore? George Washington Thomas Jefferson Abraham Lincoln Theodore Roosevelt Read on to find out why these 4 presidents were chosen and what the secret room at Mount Rushmore contains. When was Mount Rushmore Built? Work began on the massive rock sculpture in 1927 and finished in 1941, built under the direction of Gutzon Borglum. Mount Rushmore is one of the most iconic structures in the United States, showcasing four of the most important presidents in American [&hellip;]
- [When did slavery end in the US?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/slavery/what-led-to-the-end-of-us-slavery/): Slavery is a deeply troubling part of U.S. history, but eventually, all slaves were released, and slavery ended. When did slavery end, and when was slavery abolished? Although the 13th Amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery in 1865, the end of slavery was gradual and uneven, and many enslaved people remained in bondage or quasi-slavery for some time after its legal abolition. End Of Slavery In The US In the early years of colonial America, from 1526 until the later passing of the 13th Amendment in 1865, slavery was a part of America&#8217;s makeup. Practiced even among the 13 Colonies, [&hellip;]
- [Full Online Text of Articles of Confederation](https://constitutionus.com/original-documents/full-online-text-of-articles-of-confederation/): Below is the full text of the Articles of Confederation. For an explanation, please click on the following link: The Articles Of Confederation &#8211; Who, What, When and Why? Articles of Confederation: To all to whom these Presents shall come, we, the undersigned Delegates of the States affixed to our Names send greeting. Whereas the Delegates of the United States of America in Congress assembled did on the fifteenth day of November in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy seven, and in the Second Year of the Independence of America agree to certain articles of [&hellip;]
- [Article 1 of the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/articles/article1/): Article 1 of the US Constitution details the legislative branch of the US Government - also known as Congress. Article 1 establishes that Congress makes laws for the US and consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
- [President Grover Cleveland](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-grover-cleveland/): The Enigma of President Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland was an enigma as a president. At times a reformer, other times an overseer, but rarely a catalyst. Grover Cleveland&#8217;s political reputation revolved around protecting the executive branch&#8217;s role rather than transforming it. Grover Cleveland&#8217;s family life was also slightly unusual as he was reported to have affairs as well as marry a lady much younger than him. Despite his political passivity, Grover Cleveland was still a president with many distinctions, including the only one to serve two non-consecutive terms and get married at the White House. While perhaps not the most [&hellip;]
- [President William Henry Harrison](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-william-henry-harrison/): When was William Henry Harrison born? William Henry Harrison was born in 1773. Where was William Henry Harrison born? Harrison was born in Charles City County, Virginia. How old was William Henry Harrison when he became president? William Henry Harrison was elected at the age of 67. What years was William Henry Harrison president? William Henry Harrison was president for a month from March 4th 1841. When did William Henry Harrison die? William Henry Harrison died at the age of 68 in 1841. How did William Henry Harrison die? He died from septic shock.  The Presidency Of William Henry Harrison [&hellip;]
- [United States Constitution Images](https://constitutionus.com/original-documents/images-of-us-constitution/): The writing and ratification of the American Constitution The United States Constitution was drafted and written in 1788 by the delegates at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention. But, it wasn&#8217;t until June 21st, 1788 that the Constitution of the United States was officially ratified by the required number of states. The Constitutional Convention and James Madison George Washington was the chair of the constitutional convention and ultimately the first United States President to win the Presidential Election. James Madison is known as the Father of the US Constitution as he was the main author and also one of the Founding Fathers. [&hellip;]
- [President Millard Fillmore](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-millard-fillmore/): When was Millard Fillmore born? Millard Fillmore was born in 1800. Where was Millard Fillmore born? Millard Fillmore was born in Finger Lakes area of New York State. How old was Millard Fillmore when he became president? Millard Fillmore was elected at the age of 49. What years was Millard Fillmore president? Millard Fillmore was president in 1850-1853. When did Millard Fillmore die? Millard Fillmore died at the age of 74 in 1874. How did Millard Fillmore die? He died from a stroke.&nbsp; The Presidency Of Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore is one of those presidents that is perhaps unduly forgotten [&hellip;]
- [President James K. Polk](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-james-k-polk/): When was James K. Polk born? James K. Polk was born in 1795. Where was James K. Polk born? James K. Polk was born in Pineville, North Carolina. How old was James K. Polk when he became president? James K. Polk was elected at the age of 49. What years was James K. Polk president? James K. Polk was president from 1845-1849. When did James K. Polk die? James K. Polk died at the age of 53 in 1849. How did James K. Polk die? He died from cholera. James Knox Polk was the 11th President of the United States. His [&hellip;]
- [President John Quincy Adams](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-john-quincy-adams/): When was John Quincy Adams born? John Quincy Adams was born in 1767. Where was John Quincy Adams born? John Quincy Adams was born in Braintree, Massachusetts. How old was John Quincy Adams when he became president? John Quincy Adams was elected at the age of 58. What years was John Quincy Adams president? John Quincy Adams was president from 1825-1829. When did John Quincy Adams die? John Quincy Adams died at the age of 80 in 1848. How did John Quincy Adams die? He died two days after suffering a massive cerebral hemorrhage.  The 6th&nbsp;President of the United States [&hellip;]
- [President John Tyler](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-john-tyler/): When was John Tyler born? John Tyler was born in 1790. Where was John Tyler born? John Tyler was born in Charles City County, Virginia. How old was John Tyler when he became president? John Tyler was elected at the age of 51. What years was John Tyler president? John Tyler was president from 1841-1845. When did John Tyler die? John Tyler died at the age of 71 in 1862. How did John Tyler die? He died from a stroke. The Presidency Of John Tyler During the election campaign of 1840, William Henry Harrison was accompanied by a song that [&hellip;]
- [President Chester A. Arthur](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-chester-a-arthur/): When was Chester A. Arthur born? Chester A. Arthur was born in 1829. Where was Chester A. Arthur born? Chester A. Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont. How old was Chester A. Arthur when he became president? Chester A. Arthur was elected at the age of 51. What years was Chester A. Arthur president? Chester A. Arthur was president from 1881 – 1885. When did Chester A. Arthur die? Chester A. Arthur died at the age of 57 in 1886. How did Chester A. Arthur die? He died of a stroke. Early Years Chester Alan Arthur was born in Fairfield, [&hellip;]
- [President James Buchanan](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-james-buchanan/): When was James Buchanan born? James Buchanan was born in 1791. Where was James Buchanan born? James Buchanan was born in Cove Gap, Pennsylvania. How old was James Buchanan when he became president? James Buchanan was elected at the age of 65. What years was James Buchanan president? James Buchanan was president from 1857-1861. When did James Buchanan die? James Buchanan died at the age of 77 in 1868. How did James Buchanan die? He died of respiratory failure. James Buchanan &#8211; America&#8217;s 15th President James Buchanan held a firm belief that the rights of the individual States should not [&hellip;]
- [President Benjamin Harrison](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-benjamin-harrison/): When was Benjamin Harrison born? Benjamin Harrison was born in 1833. Where was Benjamin Harrison born? Benjamin Harrison was born in North Bend, Ohio. How old was Benjamin Harrison when he became president? Benjamin Harrison was elected at the age of 55. What years was Benjamin Harrison president? Benjamin Harrison was president from 1889 – 1893. When did Benjamin Harrison die? Benjamin Harrison died at the age of 67 in 1901. How did Benjamin Harrison die? He died of pneumonia. When most people think about Presidents of the United States, Benjamin Harrison is one that is often overlooked. His name [&hellip;]
- [President John Adams](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-john-adams/): When was John Adams born? John Adams was born in 1735. Where was John Adams born? John Adams was born in Braintree, Massachusetts. How old was John Adams when he became president? John Adams was elected at the age of 62. What years was John Adams president? John Adams was president 1763-1766. When did John Adams die? John Adams died at the age of 90 in 1826. How did John Adams die? He died from natural causes.  John Adams &#8211; America&#8217;s 2nd President The son of a Puritan Preacher, respected Lawyer, Revolutionary, Founding Father, and President of the United States. [&hellip;]
- [President Woodrow Wilson](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-woodrow-wilson/): When was Woodrow Wilson born? Woodrow Wilson was born in 1856. Where was Woodrow Wilson born? Woodrow Wilson was born in Staunton, Virginia. How old was Woodrow Wilson when he became president? Woodrow Wilson was elected at the age of 56. What years was Woodrow Wilson president? Woodrow Wilson was president from 1913 – 1921. When did Woodrow Wilson die? Woodrow Wilson died at the age of 67 in 1924. How did Woodrow Wilson die? He died of a stroke. Woodrow Wilson&#8217;s Presidency Some impressive achievements come to mind when we think of Woodrow Wilson. He brought the United States [&hellip;]
- [President Andrew Johnson](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-andrew-johnson/): When was Andrew Johnson born? Andrew Johnson was born in 1808. Where was Andrew Johnson born? Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina. How old was Andrew Johnson when he became president? Andrew Johnson was elected at the age of 56. What years was Andrew Johnson president? Andrew Johnson was president from 1865-1869. When did Andrew Johnson die? Andrew Johnson died at the age of 66 in 1875. How did Andrew Johnson die? He died from a stroke. The Presidency of Andrew Johnson resulted from dire circumstances. He became the 17th&nbsp;President of the United States upon the assassination of [&hellip;]
- [President Rutherford Birchard Hayes](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-rutherford-birchard-hayes/): When was Rutherford Birchard Hayes born? Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in 1822. Where was Rutherford Birchard Hayes born? Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Delaware, Ohio. How old was Rutherford Birchard Hayes when he became president? Rutherford Birchard Hayes was elected at the age of 54. What years was Rutherford Birchard Hayes president? Rutherford Birchard Hayes was president from 1877-1881. When did Rutherford Birchard Hayes die? Rutherford Birchard Hayesdied at the age of 70 in 1893. How did Rutherford Birchard Hayes die? He died of heart disease. The Forgotten President Rutherford Birchard Hayes is one of the more-forgotten presidents [&hellip;]
- [President George H. W. Bush](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-george-bush/): When was George H. W. Bush born? George H. W. Bush was born in 1924. Where was George H. W. Bush born? George H. W. Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts. How old was George H. W. Bush when he became president? George H. W. Bush became president at the age of 64. What years was George H. W. Bush president? George H. W. Bush was president from 1989 – 1993. When did George H. W. Bush die? George H. W. Bush died at the age of 94 in 2018. How did George H. W. Bush die? He died following [&hellip;]
- [President Martin Van Buren](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-martin-van-buren/): When was Martin Van Buren born? Martin Van Buren was born in 1782. Where was Martin Van Buren born? Martin Van Buren was born in Kinderhook, New York. How old was Martin Van Buren when he became president? Martin Van Buren was elected at the age of 54. What years was Martin Van Buren president? Martin Van Buren was president from 1837-1841. When did Andrew Jackson die? Martin Van Buren died at the age of 79 in 1862. How did Martin Van Buren die? He died of bronchial asthma and heart failure. Originally from the Netherlands, Van Buren was the [&hellip;]
- [President Ulysses S. Grant](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-ulysses-s-grant/): When was Ulysses S. Grant born? Ulysses S. Grant was born in 1791. Where was Ulysses S. Grant born? Ulysses S. Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio. How old was Ulysses S. Grant when he became president? Ulysses S. Grant was elected at the age of 46. What years was Ulysses S. Grant president? Ulysses S. Grant was president from 1869-1877. When did Ulysses S. Grant die? Ulysses S. Grant died at the age of 63 in 1885. How did Ulysses S. Grant die? He died from throat cancer. Early Life of Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant was [&hellip;]
- [President Jimmy Carter](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-jimmy-carter/): When was Jimmy Carter born? Jimmy Carter was born in 1924. Where was Jimmy Carter born? Jimmy Carter was born in Plains, Georgia. How old was Jimmy Carter when he became president? Jimmy Carter became president at the age of 52. What years was Jimmy Carter president? Jimmy Carter was president from 1977 – 1981. Early Life of Jimmy Carter President Jimmy Carter was born as James Earl Carter Jr.on October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia. Plains was a small farming town with a population of just a few hundred. The Carter family lived in a small, rundown farmhouse on [&hellip;]
- [President Herbert Hoover](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-herbert-hoover/): When was Herbert Hoover born? Herbert Hoover was born in 1874. Where was Herbert Hoover born? Herbert Hoover was born in West Branch, Iowa. How old was Herbert Hoover when he became president? Herbert Hoover was elected at the age of 55. What years was Herbert Hoover president? Herbert Hoover was president from 1929-1933. When did Herbert Hoover die? Herbert Hoover died in 1964 at the age of 90. How did Herbert Hoover die? Herbert Hoover died from internal bleeding which is a good indication of natural causes. When it comes to creating lists of the greatest presidents of all [&hellip;]
- [President William H. Taft](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-william-h-taft/): When was William H. Taft born? William H. Taft was born in 1857. Where was William H. Taft born? William H. Taft was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. How old was William H. Taft when he became president? William H. Taft was elected at the age of 51. What years was William H. Taft president? William H. Taft was president from 1909 – 1913. When did William H. Taft die? William H. Taft died at the age of 72 in 1930. How did William H. Taft die? He died from heart failure. Early Life and Education Another Ohio-born president (one of [&hellip;]
- [President William McKinley](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-william-mckinley/): Frequently Asked Questions About William McKinley: When was William McKinley born? William McKinley was born in 1843. Where was William McKinley born? William McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio. How old was William McKinley when he became president? William McKinley was elected at the age of 54. What years was William McKinley president? William McKinley was president from 1897 – 1901. When did William McKinley die? William McKinley died at the age of 58 in 1901. How did William McKinley die? He died from gangrene due to an infection caused by a gunshot wound following an assassination attempt. Early Life [&hellip;]
- [President Dwight D. Eisenhower](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-dwight-d-eisenhower/): A supremely talented military commander and the 34th president of the United States, Dwight. D Eisenhower, AKA Ike, served his country for many years and was an essential part of the Allies&#8217; victory in World War II. Early Life Born in Denison, Texas, in 1890, Dwight D. Eisenhower grew up in Abilene, Kansas, where he enjoyed an all-American childhood. He spent his time hunting, fishing, and playing football. In 1911, Dwight won an exclusive appointment to attend the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. At West Point, he played football until suffering a devastating knee injury. Though [&hellip;]
- [What Is a Limited Government?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-a-limited-government-when-applied-to-us-methods/): The structure of the United States government can seem complex and perhaps even overcomplicated to some voters. There are two houses in Congress working to make laws and uphold the constitution while a President sits in power. However, this is necessary for the nation to have an effective limited government. The term &#8220;limited government&#8221; may come as a surprise to those that see the government as pretty unlimited in its powers over personal freedoms. Others may argue that the system is too restraining. So, what is a limited government when applied to US methods? Limiting Government Power In the most [&hellip;]
- [How Long is A Green Card Good For?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-long-is-a-green-card-good-for/): For many, many people that have gotten their green card, it can be a bit disheartening to realize that the paperwork isn't over, or that their new card comes with a few strings attached.
- [How To Find Someone To Marry For A Green Card](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-to-find-someone-to-marry-for-a-green-card/): The process for getting a Permanent Resident Card (i.e., green card) is arguably one of the most difficult things you can do in the U.S., and something millions of Americans never has to even consider simply because of where they were born.
- [What Documents Do I Need to Renew My Green Card?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/what-documents-do-i-need-to-renew-my-green-card/): Renewing your Green Card can take around 10 to 12 months but if there are any errors with your documentation it can take significantly longer. No one wants to wait that long for something this vital. That's why it's so important to get your documents correct from the beginning.
- [What was the Virginia Plan?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-was-the-virginia-plan/): The Virginia Plan After the conclusion of the Revolutionary War, one of the most important tasks of the newly founded country was to develop a new constitution. The Articles of Confederation, though effective as a temporary guide for the country in its early years, were quickly becoming outdated. Several different proposals were submitted, but the most influential proposal presented was the Virginia Plan. The Virginia Plan was drafted by future president James Madison at the Constitutional Convention on May 29, 1787. Probably the most influential plan proposed, it called for a bicameral legislature, with the number of representatives of each [&hellip;]
- [What Is the Elastic Clause?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-the-elastic-clause/): The elastic clause is arguably one of the most important and heavily debated parts of the Constitution, especially when it comes to limiting federal power and protecting states&#8217; rights. It is also one of the most commonly misunderstood clauses, similar to how the Commerce Clause is often debated. In this article, we are going to take a look at exactly what the elastic clause is, what it means for Congress and federal power, and why it is so important. The Job of the Constitution Before you can understand the elastic clause, you have to understand what the United States constitution [&hellip;]
- [What Was The New Jersey Plan?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-was-the-new-jersey-plan/): New Jersey Plan The New Jersey Plan was a proposal put forward at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 to amend the structure of the government. It came about as a counter to the Virginia Plan, which concerned smaller states due to its bias. Although the New Jersey Plan proved to be unsuccessful, the Connecticut Compromise allowed for elements of it to become implemented. To better understand the intentions and origins of the New Jersey Plan and why it was unsuccessful, we need to know more about the Constitutional Convention and the original Virginia Plan. Constitutional Convention Of 1787. The Constitutional [&hellip;]
- [Nancy Pelosi](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/nancy-pelosi/): Who Is Nancy Pelosi? Nancy Pelosi is a Democratic political leader. As of 2021, she has been the Speaker of the House of Representatives since 2019. She served as Speaker from 2007 to 2011 and has been a congressional representative since 1987. So far, Pelosi has been the only woman to hold the House&#8217;s highest leadership position. Pelosi was born in Baltimore, Maryland. Her father, Thomas D&#8217;Alessandro Jr, was a politician, serving in the House of Representatives before becoming mayor of Baltimore for 12 years. She has six older brothers, one of whom became mayor of Baltimore. Her exposure to [&hellip;]
- [What is the Order of Succession for Presidency?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/what-is-the-us-order-of-succession-for-presidency/): Presidents and Vice-Presidents are elected, but if the elected president cannot carry out their elected term, a new president must be appointed. The sequence in which government leaders would assume the title and position of president, either temporarily (as acting president) or permanently, is referred to as presidential succession. What is the order of succession for the presidency? The Vice President Speaker of the House President pro tempore of the Senate Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of Defense Attorney General Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Labor Secretary of Health and [&hellip;]
- [Hillary Clinton - Background of the First Lady](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/hillary-clinton-a-lady-of-valor/): Early Years She was born Hillary Diane Rodham on October 26, 1946. She is famous in the US due to her own career and the fact that she is married to a former United States President. She was born in Chicago, Illinois shortly after the end of World War II. She was the firstborn child of parents Hugh and Dorothy. Her father worked his way up to management in a textile company in Park Ridge, Illinois. Her mother stayed home and took care of the family. They had a moderate income level and were involved in many social events around [&hellip;]
- [Straw Polls Role in US Politics](https://constitutionus.com/misc/the-majority-opinion-what-role-should-straw-polls-have-in-us-politics/): The world of politics is constantly changing, and the role of a straw poll is no exception. This article will explore the history of straw polls in US politics and how they evolve with today&#8217;s technology. You&#8217;ll read about the pros and cons of using straw polls for different purposes, as well as some examples from recent elections. What Is A Straw Poll, And How Does It Work? A straw poll is an unofficial vote that takes place during a meeting or fundraising event. Straw polls are not endorsed by the electoral commission and do not affect elections in any [&hellip;]
- [Popular Sovereignty - Definition and Examples](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/popular-sovereignty-what-you-need-to-know/): Sovereignty is a concept in political theory that refers to having supreme authority over one's land or country with recognition from other world powers and international bodies. It is similar to the idea of self-determination. People should have a say over what happens in their territory. It is the authority to govern, draw up laws and rules for a country.
- [What Is the 3/5 Compromise?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-the-3-5-compromise/): The 3/5 compromise determined that three out of every five slaves were counted when establishing a state's total population. The total population count was in turn used to determine taxation and representation.
- [What Is A Representative Democracy?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-a-representative-democracy/): Every country has a choice in how it creates its system of government and law-making processes. Democracies allow for citizens to have their say to some extent. However, there are big differences between systems. The US is a representative democracy, but what does that mean and what was the alternative? Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or [&hellip;]
- [How Long Does It Take To Get A Green Card After Marriage?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-long-does-it-take-to-get-a-green-card-after-marriage/): Marrying someone with a Green Card or US Citizenship is the easiest way to get a Green Card. However, it can take a long time. How long does it take to get a green card after marriage? The amount of time that it takes will depend on many factors about your situation and also how smoothly everything goes. However, you should expect it to take at least 10 weeks and can take up to 3 years (or more!) The Timeline Required To Get A Marriage-based Green Card There are thousands of couples getting married every year. Among those that do [&hellip;]
- [What Is The Civil Rights Act of 1875?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-the-civil-rights-act-of-1875/): In 1875, the United States Congress passed a law to give African Americans more rights. This landmark legislation was created when slavery had been abolished, but discrimination against blacks continued. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 is officially known as &#8220;An Act to protect all Persons in the United States in their Civil Rights.&#8221; It guaranteed equality for African American men and women by prohibiting discrimination based on race or color. Civil Rights Act of 1875 The Civil Rights Act of 1875 is a federal law that prohibits discrimination in public accommodations. Under the Act, any person who owns or [&hellip;]
- [What Does A Green Card Look Like?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/what-does-a-green-card-look-like/): Resources related to &#8220;What does a Green Card look like?&#8221;: Knowing what a green card is and what a green card looks like is part of becoming a permanent United States resident. In addition, it is important to be familiar with US Immigration Law. What is a Green Card? Officially titled a Permanent Resident Card, a green card is issued to a non-US citizen as their recognized means of gaining permanent residence in the United States. Those with a green card are granted a work permit and the ability to live in all US states and territories. Note that this [&hellip;]
- [Who Were the Framers of the Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/who-were-the-framers-of-the-constitution/): Framing the Constitution The United States was born of necessity and urgency. As the American Colonists worked to overthrow British rule, they drafted a document known as the Articles of Confederation that governed how the States would work together. This document was flawed, however, and placed very little power in the hands of the national government. Resulting unrest and financial troubles forced the United States to organize a convention to draft a new Constitution. Known as the Philadelphia Convention after its host city, the document produced by this event still governs the United States to this day. We know this [&hellip;]
- [What is the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Amendment?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/what-is-the-cruel-and-unusual-punishment-amendment/): The Cruel and Unusual Punishment Amendment was ratified on December 15, 1791. This Amendment is the eighth of the ten amendments that make up the Bill of Rights. The cruel and unusual punishment amendment states: &#8220;Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.&#8221; This Amendment was created to ensure that the government cannot impose excessive bail, fines, or cruel punishments on individuals. The eighth Amendment is a part of our Constitution because it ensures that everyone is treated equally under the law. If an individual has not committed a crime, they should [&hellip;]
- [What is Judicial Review in the US?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-judicial-review-in-the-us/): Understanding Judicial Review The phrase &#8220;judicial review&#8221; gets thrown around a lot when discussing laws, courts, and other aspects of US politics. It&#8217;s often mentioned in conjunction with the Supreme Court, the Constitution, and contentious laws that some people don&#8217;t like. But what is judicial review? How does it work? When has it been used? Let&#8217;s dive into the history of the Supreme Court and examine judicial review in detail. What Is Judicial Review? In the US, judicial review is when a court looks at (or reviews) a law and determines if it&#8217;s in line with the Constitution and other [&hellip;]
- [How much does it cost to renew a green card?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-much-does-it-cost-to-renew-a-green-card/): There are many people living in the United States of America seeking a green card to help them live permanently in the country. However, there are costs associated with a green card that may throw a hurdle on that goal.
- [How Long After My Green Card Can I Apply For Citizenship?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-long-after-my-green-card-can-i-apply-for-citizenship/): There are many children, parents, and spouses of U.S. citizens who have green cards and want to apply for U.S. citizenship. So, how long after they receive a green card can they apply for citizenship?
- [How Many Terms Can A President Serve?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/how-many-terms-can-a-president-serve/): The original United States Constitution did not set a limit on the number of terms a president could serve. However, the 22nd Amendment established a two-term limit. How many terms can a president serve? According to the constitution and the 22nd Amendment, a president can only serve for two terms in the United States. The length of a full presidential term is four years. Presidential Term Limits Some countries&#8217; leaders seem to have an indefinite period of rule with no term limits. Vladimir Putin has held power in Russia for over two decades. Angela Merkel served as Chancellor of Germany from [&hellip;]
- [How long does it take to get a green card?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-long-does-it-take-to-get-a-green-card/): Getting an I90, I130 I360 or I485 green card can be a long and challenging process. The United States Customs and Immigration Services or USCIS work hard at reviewing your application and making a case status as soon as possible.
- [How do you renew a green card?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-do-you-renew-a-green-card/): A green card in the United States of America is a permit allowing a foreign national to work and permanently live in the country. Many foreign nationals use a green card to begin a new life in America. The green card allows them to have many privileges that citizens carry.
- [How do you get a green card?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-do-you-get-a-green-card/): Resources Related To &#8220;How do you get a Green Card?&#8221;: An Immigrant Visa For a foreign national to work and live permanently in the United States, they must have an immigrant visa, or what is known as a “green card” visa. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. A green card [&hellip;]
- [How Long Does a Green Card Last?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-long-does-a-green-card-last/): A Green Card is a gateway to living as a permanent resident in the United States and ultimately to becoming a citizen. However, there are stringent rules about using one. How long does a Green Card last? Green Cards can last for different amounts of time, so you must check the expiry date. However, the usual amount of time is 10 years. Is There a Green Card Expiration Date? Being a holder of a green card doesn&#8217;t mean that you&#8217;re completely clear from dealing with the immigration process and paperwork. Also, it doesn&#8217;t mean that the holder has unlimited time [&hellip;]
- [What if my green card expires while waiting for citizenship?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/what-if-my-green-card-expires-while-waiting-for-citizenship/): The green card is a permit that allows aliens residing in the United States to work and enjoy most of the same rights as American citizens. They are authorized to live and work in the U.S. as long as they have the green card, but they also enjoy protection against deportation for certain crimes committed after receiving their green cards.
- [Benefits and Responsibilities of US Citizenship](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/us-citizenship/): What are the advantages of becoming a U.S. citizen? United States of America is one of the most popular countries in the world to live in. The United States has beautiful scenery, an excellent education system, and many opportunities to pursue dreams. One dream that many people have is citizenship in this great country. What is citizenship in the US? Citizenship in the United States is a status that grants people rights and privileges. It also holds responsibilities, such as paying taxes and voting in elections. To become a citizen of the US, you must live here for five years [&hellip;]
- [Acquire a Green Card Without Marriage](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/ways-to-acquire-a-green-card-in-the-usa-without-marriage/): Many immigrants to the United States try to obtain their green cards by marrying a US Citizen. This is one way that someone can qualify for a green card. Please note that marrying someone just to become a green card holder is called marriage fraud and can get you and your spouse in a lot of trouble. What are other ways to acquire a green card without marriage? Other ways to become a United States citizen or become a lawful permanent resident involve qualifying through investments, employment, notoriety, or being lucky through the green card lottery. Marriage-Free Green Cards There are plenty [&hellip;]
- [What is a Green Card or Permanent Resident Card?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/what-is-a-green-card/): A Permanent Residence Card also called a Green Card, is a document issued by the federal government that allows you to live and work permanently in the United States. You must apply for a Green Card through the United States federal government, and once you have it, you can work and travel anywhere in the country.
- [What is Social Democracy?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-social-democracy/): What is a social democracy? Social democracy is a political ideology, responsible for promoting the direct intervention of the state in the economy, in the context of a capitalist society. The purpose of this intervention is to be able to redistribute income in a more social way, ensuring the welfare state and the general interest. The main goal of social democracy is to reduce levels of inequality within an economy. That is why, as a left current, it promotes the redistribution of wealth through a complex tax system. This political current that claims to be committed to poverty, as well [&hellip;]
- [President Thomas Jefferson](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-thomas-jefferson/): When was Thomas Jefferson born? Thomas Jefferson was born in 1743. Where was Thomas Jefferson born? Thomas Jefferson was born in Shadwell, Virginia. How old was Thomas Jefferson when he became president? Thomas Jefferson was elected at the age of 57. What years was Thomas Jefferson president? Thomas Jefferson was president from 1801-1809. When did Thomas Jefferson die? Thomas Jefferson died at the age of 83 in 1826. How did Thomas Jefferson die? Due to his age, it is assumed that Jefferson died of natural causes.&nbsp; Early Life &amp; Education Thomas Jefferson was born and spent his childhood in the [&hellip;]
- [President Warren G. Harding](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-warren-g-harding/): Number President: President Harding was the 29th President of the United States. Political Party: Republican. When was Warren G. Harding born? Warren G. Harding was born on November 2nd, 1965. Where was Warren G. Harding born? Warren G. Harding was born in Blooming Grove, Ohio. How old was Warren G. Harding when he became president? Warren G. Harding was elected at the age of 56. What years was Warren G. Harding president? Warren G. Harding was president in 1921-1923. When did Warren G. Harding die? Warren G. Harding died at the age of 57 in August 2nd, 1923. How did [&hellip;]
- [President Calvin Coolidge](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-calvin-coolidge/): When was Calvin Coolidge born? Calvin Coolidge was born in 1872. Where was Calvin Coolidge born? Calvin Coolidge was born in Plymouth, Vermont. How old was Calvin Coolidge when he became president? Calvin Coolidge became president at the age of 51. What years was Calvin Coolidge president? Calvin Coolidge was president from 1923 – 1929. When did Calvin Coolidge die? Calvin Coolidge died at the age of 60 in 1933. How did Calvin Coolidge die? He died from a heart attack. Early Life Modest Beginnings John Calvin Coolidge was born on July 4th, 1872, in Plymouth Notch, Vermont. Coolidge had [&hellip;]
- [President George W. Bush](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-george-w-bush/): When was George W. Bush born? George W. Bush was born in 1946. Where was George W. Bush born? George W. Bush was born in New Haven, Connecticut. How old was George W. Bush when he became president? George W. Bush became president at the age of 55. What years was George W. Bush president? George W. Bush was president from 2001 – 2009. The story of George W. Bush&#8217;s presidency was always going to be an interesting one because of his family. We had already had a Bush in the White House – one that divided opinion. So, there [&hellip;]
- [President Lyndon B. Johnson](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-lyndon-b-johnson/): When was Lyndon B. Johnson born? Lyndon B. Johnson was born in 1908. Where was Lyndon B. Johnson born? Lyndon B. Johnson was born in Stonewall, Texas. How old was Lyndon B. Johnson when he became president? Lyndon B. Johnson became president at the age of 55. What years was Lyndon B. Johnson president? Lyndon B. Johnson was president from 1963 – 1969. When did Lyndon B. Johnson die? Lyndon B. Johnson died at the age of 64 in 1973. How did Lyndon B. Johnson die? He died from a heart attack. The story of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency [&hellip;]
- [President James A Garfield](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-james-a-garfield/): When was James A Garfield born? James A Garfield was born in 1831. Where was James A Garfield born? James A Garfield was born in Moreland Hills, Ohio. How old was James A Garfield when he became president? James A Garfield was elected at the age of 49. What years was James A Garfield president? James A Garfield was president from March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881. When did James A Garfield die? James A Garfield died at the age of 49 in 1881. How did James A Garfield die? He died from blood poisoning after an assassination attempt. [&hellip;]
- [President Andrew Jackson](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-andrew-jackson/): When was Andrew Jackson born? Andrew Jackson was born in 1767. Where was Andrew Jackson born? Andrew Jackson is presumed to have been born in the Waxhaws region that would later become the border between North and South Carolina. How old was Andrew Jackson when he became president? Andrew Jackson was elected at the age of 61. What years was Andrew Jackson president? Andrew Jackson was president from 1829-1837. When did Andrew Jackson die? Andrew Jackson died at the age of 78 in 1845. How did Andrew Jackson die? He died from congestive heart failure.  Early Life Birth and Upbringing [&hellip;]
- [President Franklin Pierce](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-franklin-pierce/): When was Franklin Pierce born? Franklin Pierce was born in 1804. Where was Franklin Pierce born? Franklin Pierce was born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire. How old was Franklin Pierce when he became president? Franklin Pierce was elected at the age of 48. What years was Franklin Pierce president? Franklin Pierce was president from 1853-1857. When did Franklin Pierce die? Franklin Pierce died at the age of 64 in 1869. How did Franklin Pierce die? He died of cirrhosis of the liver. The 14th president of the United States of America, Franklin Pierce, presided over the country for one term from [&hellip;]
- [President Richard M. Nixon](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-richard-m-nixon/): When was Richard M. Nixon born? Richard M. Nixon was born in 1913. Where was Richard M. Nixon born? Richard M. Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. How old was Richard M. Nixon when he became president? Richard M. Nixon was elected at the age of 56. What years was Richard M. Nixon president? Richard M. Nixon was president from 1969 – 1974. When did Richard M. Nixon die? Richard M. Nixon died at the age of 81 in 1994. How did Richard M. Nixon die? He died of a stroke. When talking about the life and presidency of [&hellip;]
- [President Gerald R. Ford](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-gerald-r-ford/): When was Gerald R. Ford born? Gerald R. Ford was born in 1913. Where was Gerald R. Ford born? Gerald R. Ford was born in Omaha, Nebraska. How old was Gerald R. Ford when he became president? Gerald R. Ford became president at the age of 60. What years was Gerald R. Ford president? Gerald R. Ford was president from 1974 – 1977. When did Gerald R. Ford die? Gerald R. Ford died at the age of 93 in 2006. How did Gerald R. Ford die? He died of arteriosclerotic cerebrovascular disease and diffuse arteriosclerosis. Not By Election But by [&hellip;]
- [President Harry S. Truman](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-harry-s-truman/): In some ways, Harry S. Truman is one of those presidents that should never have had the job. He came into power in 1945 following the death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, was touted to lose his election campaign in 1948, and then dissuaded from running again in 1952.
- [Why Was the Constitution Written?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-the-purpose-of-the-u-s-constitution/): The United States Constitution was written to protect citizens and also the states. It ensures rights, prevents the federal government from infringing on these rights, and creates laws.
- [Supreme Law of the Land](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-supreme-law-of-the-land-in-the-usa/): Generally, "the supreme law of the land" refers to the highest power in any nation's law.
- [All About Being Vice President (and more)](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/all-about-being-vice-president-and-more/): The vice presidency is one of the highest positions in the United States government, and those who hold this office work alongside the president to ensure that the country runs smoothly.  Created in conjunction with the presidency itself, this position was initially intended to be primarily utilized in the legislative branch of the government. However, it has become a far more executive position in recent years. What requirements are needed to be Vice President? To run for and be elected to the vice presidency, there is a series of requirements that a potential candidate must meet: Be at least thirty-five [&hellip;]
- [Chief of State Role, and Examples](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/how-hard-is-it-being-chief-of-state/): The United States excels at giving people lots of political titles. The President has at least 7 different roles that he plays. What is the Chief of State? In normal times, the Chief of State is the President. The Chief of State represents the United States at events or functions. Continue reading for more information about what he (or she) does. Roles of the President There are many names for the US President, depending on his role at that time. One of these is the Chief of State role, but what does this mean? What is the Chief of State? [&hellip;]
- [James Madison Quotes](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/10-best-quotes-of-james-madison/): James Madison was a founding father and also known as the Father of the Constitution. He was the fourth US President. He was the author of the Federalist Papers. As he was prolific in both his speeches and his writings, there are many quotes from James Madison. Here are 10 of the best James Madison quotes: Another of my wishes is to depend as little as possible on the labor of slaves. Since the general civilization of mankind, I believe there are more instances of the abridgment of the freedom of the people by gradual and silent encroachments of those [&hellip;]
- [How Old Is the United States of America?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-old-is-the-united-states/):  How old is America? We provide the clear answer based on the Declaration of Independence and explore the fascinating historical layers that contribute to the United States' true age.
- [How Many States Are in the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-many-states-are-in-the-united-states/): In order to divide its landmass of over 3.5 million square miles, the United States has 50 officially recognized states.
- [President Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/president-franklin-d-roosevelt/): When was Franklin D. Roosevelt born? Franklin D. Roosevelt was born in 1882. Where was Franklin D. Roosevelt born? Franklin D. Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York. How old was Franklin D. Roosevelt when he became president? Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected at the age of 51. What years was Franklin D. Roosevelt president? Franklin D. Roosevelt was president from 1933 – 1945. When did Franklin D. Roosevelt die? Franklin D. Roosevelt died at the age of 63 in 1945. How did Franklin D. Roosevelt die? He died of a haemorrhagic stroke. The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt [&hellip;]
- [What Type of Government Does the US Have?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-type-of-government-does-the-us-have/): A government that is run by elected officials is called a republic. The United States has both republican and democratic characteristics throughout its multiple levels of government. Therefore it is not so easy to define a name for the US Government. More Than a Democracy Most people would refer to the United States of America as simply a democracy, but this is not perfectly accurate. While it is true that democracies are characterized by the power of the people to influence the government through voting, as in a representative democracy, direct democracy would be managed by the people themselves. This is [&hellip;]
- [Important US Holidays](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/important-us-holidays/): The United States of America is a land known for its freedom. It is the birthplace of humanity&#8217;s greatest minds and people who have impacted countless lives throughout history. The American spirit consists of the pursuit of happiness and liberty through hard work and innovation. One can see this in how many holidays are commemorated in America that celebrate previous historical events that changed the course of time or brought about a new revolution in thinking or technology. The United States has a lot of holidays. From Presidents&#8217; Day to Columbus Day, there are many days that people celebrate and give thanks for the [&hellip;]
- [US Presidents](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/us-presidents/): The following is a list of US Presidents. You can find some general information about when they were born or died. If you want more information about any of them, then click on their names. George Washington In 1788, George Washington, at the age of 56, was elected the very first president of the United States. He was officially inaugurated in the following year at age 57 alongside vice president John Adams. He served for the next eight years before retiring to his home at Mt. Vernon. Having served his homeland since 1732, Washington passed away in 1799 at the age [&hellip;]
- [Strange, Fun and Weird Facts about US Presidents](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/unusual-facts-about-us-presidents/): Most people know the basics of U.S. presidents, like when they served and their political party. However, there are a lot of strange, fun, and weird facts that most people don&#8217;t know about our past presidents. For instance, did you know that President James Buchanan was the only President never to marry? Or how about President William Henry Harrison, who died on his 32nd day in office from pneumonia after delivering the longest inauguration speech ever at two hours long? The following list goes over each president with some fun facts! 1. George Washington Washington&#8217;s teeth were made out of [&hellip;]
- [Elkins Act: How it Changed America](https://constitutionus.com/law/elkins-act-1903/): The Elkins Act of 1903 was a pivotal piece of legislation at the turn of the century. As America experienced rapid economic growth during the humble beginnings of the Progressive Era, the railroad industry reached new heights. The advent of the railroad made America's first millionaires - both in the way of railroad magnates and business owners.
- [What Stops One Branch of Government From Becoming too Powerful?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-stops-one-branch-government-becoming-too-powerful/): The US Constitution is one of the most successful constitutions in the world, governing American democracy for nearly 250 years. Its success is rooted in its ability to effectively limit governmental power through two critical concepts.
- [Name One Problem That Led to the Civil War](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-one-problem-that-led-to-civil-war/): To pass the US citizenship test, you will have to answer 10 of a possible 100 questions. The following question is from the USCIS test. Name one problem that led to the Civil War. Acceptable Answers: slavery economic reasons states’ rights The following is a full explanation of the USCIS question in relation to slavery: Slavery and the Civil War&nbsp; The American Civil War was a military conflict in the United States from 1861-1865 between eleven southern states who seceded from the Union and the remaining twenty-two northern states. The eleven southern states, known as the Confederacy, had broken away [&hellip;]
- [What Does the Constitution Do?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-does-constitution-do/): The constitution defines the different branches of the government and delineates and limits their powers. It also prevents the federal government from having too much power over each state and grants citizens many essential rights.
- [Who Did the United States Fight in World War II?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-did-united-states-fight-world-war-ii/): The United States fought against the Axis powers of Japan, Germany, and Italy in World War II, joining forces with Great Britain and the Soviet Union to achieve victory in 1945.
- [Name the U.S. War Between the North and the South](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-us-war-between-north-and-south/): To pass the US citizenship test, you will have to answer 10 of a possible 100 questions. The following question is from the USCIS test. Name the U.S. War between the North and the South Acceptable Answer: the Civil War the War between the States The following is a full explanation of the USCIS question: American Civil War The Civil War was a military conflict in the United States fought from 1861 to 1865 between the northern states and southern states. The civil war arose over the conflict between the north-south divisions on the status and spread of slavery in [&hellip;]
- [List of State Names](https://constitutionus.com/territories/list-of-states/): The following 50 States List shows details of all of the States of the United States of America. It is designed to be very easy to use as well as find out the information and data that you are looking for. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. In this list [&hellip;]
- [What Did They Eat at the First Thanksgiving?](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/thanksgiving/what-did-they-eat-at-the-first-thanksgiving/): It's taught in every American school that the Thanksgiving holiday we all know and love today was originally based on a festival that happened between the Wampanoag Native American Tribe and the pilgrims in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Today, we celebrate Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November. However, in 1621 it's believed that the festival took place a little earlier in the year to celebrate the harvest.
- [What Happened On September 11th, 2001?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/september-11-2001/): To pass the US citizenship test, you will have to answer 10 of a possible 100 questions. The following question is from the USCIS test. What Major Event Happened On September 11th, 2001, in the United States? Acceptable Answer: Terrorists attacked the United States. The following is a full explanation of the USCIS question: What Were the 9-11 Attacks? When terrorists crashed hijacked civilian aircraft into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, thousands of Americans were killed. 2,740 people died in the New York World Trade Center Twin Towers and the planes that hit them. An additional 184 people [&hellip;]
- [What Is Double Jeopardy?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/what-is-double-jeopardy/): Why Is the Double Jeopardy Clause Important? The double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment prevents the injustice of someone being tried more than once for the same crime. If a person is acquitted, they cannot be brought back into court to be tried again. Acquittals are final, and retrials after an acquittal are illegal. The double jeopardy clause does does not apply in every case, however. For example, if there is a mistrial, the accused can sometimes be retried. In certain circumstances, even an acquittal is not always final. If accused bribed a judge for instance, they can be [&hellip;]
- [McCulloch v. Maryland](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/mcculloch-v-maryland/): The US Constitution is one of the oldest constitutions in the world, providing an effective blueprint for republican governance in America for nearly 250 years.
- [Mapp v. Ohio](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/mapp-v-ohio/): In 1957, police received a tip that they would find a man called Virgil Ogletree and illegal betting equipment at the home of Dollree Mapp. Mapp declined to give police permission to enter her home. Three hours after the initial refusal, police officers illegally forced their way into Mapp's home.
- [Self Incrimination in the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/self-incrimination-in-the-constitution/): When a witness is testifying at a trial, there is a risk that the he or she might say something that incriminates themselves. They may, for example, admit to something that proves they are partly responsible for a crime committed or that they committed another criminal offense.
- [A Constitutional Perspective on 'Establish Justice'](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-does-establish-justice-mean/): What does establish justice mean? The phrase "establish justice" is found in the Constitution of the United States. It is is one of the six goals the government has to promote its citizens' general welfare.
- [Unitary Executive Theory](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/unitary-executive-theory/): Unitary executive theory is the concept that the president controls the entire executive branch of the American government. While people on the executive branch can advise presidents and criticize their decisions, they cannot overrule them. The cabinet help make executive decisions, but the president always has the final say.
- [Miranda vs. Arizona Case](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/miranda-vs-arizona/): When the police arrest a criminal suspect in the United States, they must read them their rights. Because it is so common in television and movies, everyone is familiar with this. A suspect will be told that they "have the right to remain silent" and that anything they say can and will be used against them in court.
- [The Right to a Speedy Trial](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/the-right-to-a-speedy-trial-under-the-sixth-amendment/): The fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth amendments of the United States Constitution all deal with the rights of people accused or convicted of crimes. These amendments give people the right to a fair trial, forbid cruel and unusual punishment, and require a trial to happen quickly.
- [Market Economy, Compared to Planned Economy](https://constitutionus.com/economy/what-is-a-market-economy/): A market economy is one in which the laws of supply and demand direct the production and prices of goods and services, with little or no government interference. Absent a market economy, government's can find themselves in a position to control industry, fix prices and rents, or own land.
- [What Is Pluralism?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-pluralism-and-why-is-it-important/): Pluralism is the idea that people of different cultures can coexist in society even though they have different political opinions. Pluralists believe that society benefits from various people with different beliefs equally participating in the same society.
- [How Does Democracy Protect Minority Rights?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/how-does-democracy-protect-minority-rights/): In a democracy, whether you lose in a political debate or an election, or belong to a minority group due to ethnic background, geographic location, religious belief, gender preference, civil status, educational experience, or socioeconomic level -- you are guaranteed fundamental human rights. No one -- not any person, government, nor the majority -- can remove these rights from you. This is called the Majority Rule, Minority Rights Principle, which holds the twin pillars of democracy.
- [What Is a Parliamentary System?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-a-parliamentary-system/): One thing that makes the United States government different from most governments in Europe is the lack of a parliamentary system. What is a parliamentary government, and how is it different from the American one? Does the United States gain anything by not using a parliamentary system?
- [What Is a Presidential Republic?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-a-presidential-republic/): A presidential system can be defined as a democratic and republican pattern of government in which the executive and legislative branches are separated. President is the title given to the person who serves as the head of state and the executive branch of the government.
- [What Is an Impartial Jury?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-an-impartial-jury/): An impartial jury is a jury that will consider a case fairly, without favoring or discriminating against anyone. The jury must be willing to look at the evidence open-mindedly.
- [Involuntary Servitude and the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/involuntary-servitude-and-the-constitution/): Slavery is a part of American history that is often analyzed to learn what made the relations between different races so different more than 150 years ago. We rightfully treat it as something archaic and with no place in modern life. But, there is a difference between slavery and involuntary servitude.
- [All You Need to Know About a Unitary Government](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/all-you-need-to-know-about-a-unitary-government/): A unitary government is a type of government in which all power is centralized in the hands of a single ruler. In the unitary system of government, a single central government possesses total control over all political subdivisions.
- [The Power of Judicial Review](https://constitutionus.com/law/the-power-of-judicial-review/): In America, judicial review refers to the power of the courts to examine laws and other government actions to determine if they violate or contradict previous laws, the state's constitution, or the federal constitution. If a law is declared to be unconstitutional, it is overturned (or "struck down") in whole or in part.
- [The Right to an Attorney: What You Need to Know](https://constitutionus.com/law/the-right-to-an-attorney/): If you are charged with a crime, you have the right to an attorney. This means that you can have someone offer legal counsel and represent you in court. If you can't afford an attorney, the government will provide one for you.
- [Majority Rule, Minority Rights: The Constitution and Court Cases](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/majority-rules-minority-rights-examples/): Just because a democracy succeeds at giving power to the majority does not mean it is a just government. The majority could oppress the minority and pass laws against them. Therefore, there is more to democracy or just government than preventing a minority from ruling over the majority.
- [How Many Presidents Have We Had?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/how-many-presidents-have-we-had/): As of 2022, the United States has had 46 presidents, with the first dating back to 1789. Each president is elected through the electoral college system, which entitles them to four years in office. Presidents may be elected twice. However, they cannot serve more than this due to the 22nd Amendment established in 1951, which states that a president is limited to just two terms.
- [Separation of Powers in the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/separation-of-powers-in-the-constitution/): What is the Separation of Powers? The US Constitution is one of the oldest and most successful constitutions in the world, providing the foundation for the rule of law in America for nearly 250 years. After ratification in 1788, it officially replaced the Articles of Confederation on March 4, 1789, in conjunction with the first session of Congress in US history. The enduring nature of the US Constitution has been enhanced by the innovative governmental principles established in its text, including the separation of powers. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots [&hellip;]
- [Ratifying Constitutional Amendments](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/ratifying-constitutional-amendments/): There are two ways to ratify a constitutional amendment. The first way entails an amendment be approved by both houses of Congress. Then, the amendment is sent out to the states for approval. The second way is that an amendment gets approved by state legislatures. This is the short answer to this question, but ratifying an amendment is more complex.
- [All About the Declaration of Independence](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/declaration-of-independence/all-about-the-declaration-of-independence/): A Symbolic Document The Declaration of Independence is a symbol of the freedom of the United States from the control of British rule under King George III. The date of its signature is a national holiday and is seen as the day the country was born. But what happened in 1776 to make this document necessary, what does it say, and who was responsible for its creation? Why Was the Declaration of Independence Created? The Declaration of Independence marks the moment when the American colonies agreed that reconciliation with Great Britain was not an option. They were now in agreement [&hellip;]
- [Why We Needed the Constitution Despite Already Having the Articles of Confederation](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/why-we-needed-constitution-despite-having-articles-of-confederation/): While everyone today knows the US Constitution's role in American history, few are aware of the Articles of Confederation or exactly why the former replaced the latter in guiding America's governmental structure. 
- [Who Scribed the Constitution of the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/who-scribed-the-constitution-of-the-united-states/): More to the Constitution Than Meets the Eye The Charters of Freedom are some of the most important documents written in American history. This term refers to the three important documents that allowed for the creation of the United States as we know it and the freedoms of its people. They are the United States Constitution, the subsequent Bill of Rights, and, of course, the Declaration of Independence. We learn a little about the history and creation of these documents. But, there is more to the story of who wrote and who scribed the Constitution of the United States. The [&hellip;]
- [Why Was the Bill of Rights Added to the Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/bill-of-rights/why-was-the-bill-of-rights-added-to-the-constitution/): When it was written, the United States Constitution had many opponents. Those opponents, called Anti-Federalists, raised a number of objections to the Constitution in essays, debates, and conventions.
- [The Right to Privacy in the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/the-right-to-privacy-in-the-constitution/): Privacy is a right we all hold dear in many forms. We want to know that we have the right to privacy within our own homes and can live our lifestyles in the way we choose. We also want to be sure that companies and medics aren't going to share confidential information with third parties.
- [Was Hamilton a Federalist?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/was-hamilton-a-federalist/): The Federalists were a highly influential group of passionate political activists around the time of the creation of the Constitution of the United States. Their views on the need for a more powerful centralized government and their debates with Anti-Federalists would help shape the document and the government system.
- [What Article Is the Executive Branch Addressed in?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-article-is-the-executive-branch-addressed-in/): The US Constitution has proven to be one of the most successful constitutions in the world, providing the foundation for the rule of law in America for nearly 250 years. It created three separate branches of government, the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each possessing different functions within the federal government.
- [Best Funny and Outrageous Donald Trump Quotes](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/funny-and-outrageous-donald-trump-quotes/): Donald Trump Funny Quotes Some of Donald Trump&#8217;s quotes have been pretty outrageous and funny since he became president. Here are some of the funniest and most outrageous ones. Crazy things that Donald Trump said while he was president https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Io5V8JBHWb0 &#8220;I could stand in the middle of 5th Avenue and shoot somebody and I wouldn&#8217;t lose voters.&#8221; &#8220;I know more about ISIS than the generals do. Believe me.&#8221; &#8220;I could care less about the political correctness.&#8221; &#8220;You know, it really doesn&#8217;t matter what the media write as long as you&#8217;ve got a young and beautiful piece of ass.&#8221; &#8220;The beauty [&hellip;]
- [All You Need to Know About Presidential Democracy](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/all-you-need-to-know-about-presidential-democracy/): There are several types of democracies, and one of the most common is the presidential democracy. In this system, the citizens vote for a president who becomes the head of state. The person is often also the head of government, meaning they oversee its day-to-day operations.
- [What is a Republic?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-a-republic/): A republic is a form of government where the head of state is not a monarch or a dictator but a representative of the people, who is usually elected.
- [What is the Treaty of Paris?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-is-the-treaty-of-paris/): On July 4th, 1776, the Second Continental Congress of the United States of America adopted the Declaration of Independence. Subsequently, the day has been fondly celebrated as Independence Day to mark the moment that the nation officially broke away from Great Britain.
- [Liberty Now and in History](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/liberty-now-and-in-history/): Liberty is the idea that people should be free from unnecessary authority. It is the idea that people should be free to do as they please, as long as they do not try to take away the liberty of others.
- [How Many Amendments Does the Constitution Have?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/how-many-amendments-does-the-constitution-have/): How Many US Constitutional Amendments are There? The authors of the United States Constitution wanted to create a document that would stand the test of time. Article V of the Constitution defines a procedure for modifying it. These modifications are called &#8220;amendments.&#8221; Since 1789, when the constitution became the law of the United States, the constitution has been successfully amended 27 times. Six amendments have been proposed but not ratified, bringing the total number of amendments to the constitution to 33. The constitution was first amended in 1791 when 10 amendments known as the Bill of Rights were added that [&hellip;]
- [Elastic Clause Examples in U.S. History and Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/elastic-clause-examples-in-us-history-and-constitution/): When the Framers of the United States Constitution wrote Article 1, Section 1, Clause 8, they wanted a Constitution that could guide future generations long after they were gone. So, after listing down the 17 Expressed Powers of Congress, they also gave it the Implied Power to address future issues and challenges they couldn't even have conceived of.
- [Why is the Constitution Important?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/why-is-the-constitution-important/): The U.S. Constitution is important because it established a central government with power distributed across three federal branches and the states. The Constitution is also important because it protects individual rights and liberties while allowing the United States to function under a democratic system.
- [Who Was John Hanson?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/who-was-john-hanson/): When we list the presidents that have served Americans across history, we tend to stick to the 45 men that have served in the office of President of the United States.
- [How State Constitutions are Created](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/how-state-constitutions-are-created/): Who Writes State Constitutions in the United States?  If a new state were created today, who would write the state constitution, and who has the authority to do this? All states have constitutions. Constitutions for newer states, such as Hawaii, are not drastically different from earlier state constitutions. A state constitution starts with a preamble and then goes from there to declarations of principle. State constitutions also have amendments that were added at a later date.  Why do States Need Their Own Constitutions? A constitution gives the laws of a state or country some structure. Without a constitution, politicians could [&hellip;]
- [What You Need to Know About Parliamentary Democracy](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-you-need-to-know-about-parliamentary-democracy/): Parliamentary democracy is a type of government in which the citizens elect representatives to parliament. These representatives then vote on laws that affect the country. This type of government is different from a presidential democracy, in which the citizens vote directly for the president.
- [Where Does BBC News Stand Politically?](https://constitutionus.com/media/where-does-bbc-news-stand-politically/): Many people claim that BBC News has a political bias. However, it is more likely that BBC News doesn't favor either side. They are mostly non-political and allow both left-wing and right-wing speakers.
- [Trump's Pardon List](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/trump-pardon-list/): Any President of the US has the power to pardon people who have been accused of a crime.  This is a list of pardons that were done by Donald Trump. Related resources to Donald J. Trump: The pardon list of Donald J. Trump: Date of Pardon Name Sentencing date 25/08/17 Joseph M. Arpaio 05/10/17 09/03/18 Kristian Mark Saucier 19/08/16 13/04/18 I. Lewis (Scooter) Libby 14/06/07 24/05/18 John Arthur (Jack) Johnson 14/09/20 31/05/18 Dinesh D&#8217;Souza 23/09/14 10/07/18 Dwight Lincoln Hammond Jr. 07/10/15 Steven Dwight Hammond 06/05/19 Michael Chase Behenna 28/02/09 15/05/19 Conrad Moffat Black 10/12/07 15/05/19 Patrick James Nolan 18/02/94 29/07/19 [&hellip;]
- [How Many States Were Required to Ratify the Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/how-many-states-were-required-to-ratify-the-constitution/): While we are all aware of what the United States Constitution is and its overall impact on the country as a whole, considerably fewer people are aware that it was not our first system of government.
- [What Are the First 10 Amendments Called?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-are-the-first-ten-amendments-to-the-constitution-called/): Throughout America's history and the birth of the United States Constitution, there are ten major rules and amendments that have proved vital to the country's development as the greatest nation in the world.
- [List of Supreme Court Justices](https://constitutionus.com/law/list-of-supreme-court-justices/): The Supreme Court makes decisions on how laws should be applied according to the constitution. The current Supreme Court is made up of 1 Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices. The current Chief Justice is John G. Roberts, Jr. Supreme Court Justics In Office John Jay October 19, 1789 &#8211; June 29, 1795 John Rutledge June 30, 1795 &#8211; December 28, 1795 William Cushing September 26, 1789 &#8211; September 13, 1810 James Wilson September 26, 1789 &#8211; August 28, 1798 John Blair Jr. September 26, 1789 &#8211; October 25, 1795 James Iredell February 10, 1790 &#8211; October 20, 1799 Thomas [&hellip;]
- [What Does the Constitution Say About Impeachment?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-does-the-constitution-say-about-impeachment/): Article 1, Section 2 of the United States Constitution gives The House of Representatives the power to start the impeachment process. For a balance of power and democracy, the United States Senate reviews the information and investigates and tries all impeachment cases.
- [List of Presidents in Order](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/list-of-presidents/): Here is a list of United States presidents in order starting with President George Washington and ending with President Donald Trump (as of 2025–2029). Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. Here&#8217;s a table of U.S. Presidents with their birthdates, years served, and party affiliations: President Born Years Served Party George [&hellip;]
- [Presidents that Encouraged the United States to Practice Isolationism](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/presidents-that-encouraged-the-united-states-to-practice-isolationism/): Isolationism refers to a government policy of not engaging in any role in the affairs of other nations. The policy of isolationism, which might be officially acknowledged by a government or not, is featured by the refusal or reluctance to engage in alliances, treaties, trade commitments, and various international agreements.
- [About Jill Biden](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/about-jill-biden/): Jill Tracy Jacobs was born in New Jersey on June 3rd, 1951. She was the oldest of five girls raised by parents Donald and Bonny in Pennsylvania.
- [Where Did Donald Trump go to College?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/where-did-donald-trump-go-to-college/): Donald Trump is one of the most polarizing political figures in American history, serving as the 45th president of the United States. One of the many controversies surrounding his presidential run was his collegiate record, an issue exacerbated by his frequent attacks on the academic achievements of other political figures.
- [Why was the Electoral College Established?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/5-key-reasons-why-the-electoral-college-was-established/): Reasons Behind Formation of Electoral College The framers of the United States Constitution established a compromise in the supreme law when laying the foundation of their new country. The Electoral College provided a compromise option that restrained the election of a president by nationwide vote or appointment by Congress. This sets it apart from the rest of the world&#8217;s electoral systems, particularly since all the other elections in the US apply the popular format. The present format of the Electoral College comprises 538 electors. The Electoral College vote sees the election of the President and the Vice President for a [&hellip;]
- [Who are Donald Trump's Kids?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/how-many-kids-does-donald-trump-have-and-who/): Donald Trump&#8217;s Children Donald Trump has five children. He has been married three times, so some children are full siblings while others are half. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. Donald Trump&#8217;s first wife, Ivana Trump has three children with him. They are: Donald Trump Jr. (born December 31, 1977) [&hellip;]
- [Where Does CNN Stand Politically?](https://constitutionus.com/media/where-does-cnn-stand-politically/): Resources Related To Media: Political Views in News It&#8217;s a bit of a misconception that today&#8217;s news is wholly unbiased or not slanted in one direction or another. Whether it&#8217;s CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, or even NPR, each of these broadcast stations has its leaning toward reporting on the news and politics as a whole. CNN, in particular, is one of the more obvious examples of a cable news outlet having a clear favorite politically (rivaled only by Fox News). In this brief overview, we&#8217;ll go over where CNN stands politically so that you can have a firm understanding of [&hellip;]
- [Where Does Fox News Stand Politically?](https://constitutionus.com/media/where-does-fox-news-stand-politically/): Resources Related To Media: The Political Stance of Fox News Fox News is one of the most successful cable news networks of all time, featuring a successful cast of political analysts, pundits, and news anchors over many different shows. It has consistently led the cable news industry in ratings for two decades, besting its two main rivals, CNN and MSNBC. Fox News sets itself apart from most mainstream media by presenting a much more conservative viewpoint and philosophy on news coverage and political commentary. The Fox News channel was founded in 1996 by Rupert Murdoch, a widely successful media mogul, [&hellip;]
- [How to register to vote in the US Election](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-to-register-to-vote-in-the-us-election/): Registration for voting in the US is often done on a state-by-state basis. While this can be frustrating, it also means that each individual has greater control over who represents them and how they choose to vote. There are several ways to register online such as with Vote.org or TurboVote, but you should always double-check your registration status before going to the polls.&nbsp; To vote in a US presidential election, individuals must be at least 18 years old by Election Day. Several states allow for 17-year olds to vote in the primaries if they are 18 by Election Day. Because [&hellip;]
- [About Melania Trump](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/about-melania-trump/): Early Life Melania Knauss was born on April 26th, 1970. She was born in Slovenia and has dual citizenship in the United States. She became a naturalized citizen of the USA in 2006. Her family worked very hard. Her father was a businessman. Her mother worked in a factory creating patterns for children&#8217;s clothing. She and other children of the workers often modeled the clothing. She loved it, and she was good at it. She had the confidence from an early age to take the stage and not feel self-conscious about it. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the [&hellip;]
- [Virginia Plan vs New Jersey Plan](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-virginia-plan-vs-new-jersey-plan/): In response to the Articles of Confederation's inadequate government system, several states decided it was important to draft a new constitution that would grant the union's government more power. It would also ensure both the individual states and people retained many of their respective rights and liberties.
- [What Were James Madison's Accomplishments?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/what-were-james-madisons-accomplishments/): What is James Madison Best Known for? President James Madison (1751-1836) was an American founding father, president, philosopher, and expansionist. He is known as the &#8216;Father of the Constitution&#8217; and the Bill of Rights. As secretary of state, he helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the United States. When president, he pushed for and led the country during the war of 1812, which reasserted America&#8217;s independence even though it was an inconclusive war.  Madison&#8217;s Work on the Constitution Even in his own time, James Madison was known as the father of the constitution, and he still [&hellip;]
- [Checks and Balances in the US Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/checks-and-balances-in-the-us-constitution/): &#8220;Trias Politica&#8220; The US Constitution is a powerful document that breathes into our everyday lives even today. Ensuring that no single branch of government concentrates power unto itself, the US Constitution formally establishes &#8220;trias politica&#8221;&nbsp;or the Separation of Powers doctrine. By dividing political authority among the three co-equal branches of government, each branch can meaningfully limit the others&#8217; powers and ensure balanced governance. What checks and balances are suggested or hinted at in the US Constitution? The US Constitution&#8217;s Two-Fold Intent The framers of the US Constitution focused on limiting government power and ensuring the liberty of citizens. They wanted [&hellip;]
- [Summary of the US Bill of Rights](https://constitutionus.com/bill-of-rights/summary-of-the-us-bill-of-rights/): What Exactly is the Bill of Rights? While it may, at first glance, seem like its own separate document, similar to the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments added to the United States Constitution. Initially written to help ensure the ratification of the Constitution, the Bill of Rights act as established guarantees for the American people regarding their rights and freedoms. Vital freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, freedom of religion, right to bear arms, or protection against illegal search and seizure, are all given to the country&#8217;s citizens to ensure their protection [&hellip;]
- [What Are Federalists?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-are-federalists-in-the-context-of-us-history/): Over the last few centuries, there have been different definitions of federalist or federalism. The meaning will often depend on the context.  However, we can ask the question in general: Who is a federalist? A federalist is someone who wants to see a strong central government with individual states holding less power. Read on to find out more about federalists and the different definitions. Defining Federalists in US History The term &#8220;federalist&#8221; gets thrown around a lot when discussing US history. The term can refer to a few different things depending on the context. Here&#8217;s a full rundown on what [&hellip;]
- [Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/why-didnt-the-articles-of-confederation-work/): The Articles of Confederation were the precursor to the US Constitution, which replaced them. The Articles of Confederation needed to be changed because they didn&#8217;t work. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? The main weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that the central government didn&#8217;t have enough power. Read on to find out what problems this caused to the country. Why didn&#8217;t the Articles of Confederation work? The US Constitution was the precursor to the Articles of Confederation The United States Constitution is one of the oldest constitutions still in use today, providing the foundation for [&hellip;]
- [Yes, That Monica Lewinsky](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/yes-that-monica-lewinsky/): Monica Lewinsky&#8217;s name will forever be associated with her role in the political scandal that nearly brought down President Bill Clinton in 1998. At that time, Monica became the butt of many a joke and political cartoon. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. It has been hard to shake this [&hellip;]
- [Prove Innocence in US Court](https://constitutionus.com/law/prove-your-innocence-in-a-us-court/): Prove Your Innocence Before attempting to prove innocence, the defendant must determine whether, under US law, they have a case for arguing their innocence.&nbsp; Depending upon the accused&#8217;s risk of conviction, the defense will adapt their strategy toward arguing the accused&#8217;s innocence. Establishing Legal Terms and References Legal terms will be referenced in this article, including the term attorney, which refers to the representative of the individual who stands accused of a crime. The term defendant will be used to refer to the individual that stands accused of a crime. The main laws that will be addressed are The Constitution [&hellip;]
- [What Rights do Americans Have Under the Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-rights-do-americans-have-under-the-constitution/): Constitutional Amendments and the Bill of Rights Most of the amendments in the Bill of Rights and some amendments passed since then give rights to American citizens. Freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment come from the Bill of Rights. The end of slavery and the end of discrimination in voting rights come from later amendments.&nbsp; The First Amendment The first amendment covers freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and citizens&#8217; right to petition the government and ask them to make changes. It is one of the best-known parts of the [&hellip;]
- [How Much is Donald Trump Worth?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/how-much-is-donald-trump-worth/): Even before becoming president in 2017, Donald Trump was one of the most famous and influential men in US politics, placing him among some of the highest-earning individuals in the country.
- [Hillary Clinton Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/hillary-clinton-net-worth/): From Debt to Abundance It&#8217;s public knowledge that Hillary Rodham Clinton owns three mansions, with one in the New York town of Chappaqua &#8211; home to some of the state&#8217;s most wealthy individuals. It&#8217;s also common knowledge that when Hillary and her former president husband Bill left the White House in 2001, they were in an incredible amount of debt. So how did Hillary Clinton come to have a net worth estimated at $120 million? The story of how Hillary made her millions is full of ups and downs, as well as her fair share of controversies. How Did Hillary [&hellip;]
- [What are the Steps of the Impeachment Process?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-are-the-steps-of-the-impeachment-process/): Who Can Face Impeachment? Impeachment is part of the United States Constitution for the event that the President, Vice President, or other civil officers have committed a misdemeanor such as bribery, treason, or any other high crime. In these circumstances, Congress has the power and authority to begin the impeachment process and ultimately remove the accused from office. The most recent instance of impeachment was during the term of the 45th president when Donald Trump was formally impeached twice by Congress. This made Donald Trump the only president to have ever been impeached twice and only the third president to [&hellip;]
- [What Enumerated and Unenumerated Rights Does an American Have?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-enumerated-and-unenumerated-rights-does-an-american-have/): Enumerated vs Unenumerated Rights In the United States, enumerated rights are written down in the constitution, especially in the first eight amendments. People in the United States also have unenumerated rights, which are not written down in the constitution but are still legally relevant. The Supreme Court makes decisions based on unwritten rights and what is written in the constitution. Unenumerated (unwritten) rights include the right to travel, privacy, autonomy, dignity, and the right to have an abortion. None of these rights are stated explicitly in the constitution, but the Supreme Court defends these rights.  While unenumerated rights include the right [&hellip;]
- [Strange Facts About The Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/interesting-facts-about-the-constitution/): Ever since it was scribed in 1787, the US Constitution has stood the test of time, and it is still used as the nation&#8217;s governing charter. But what makes this constitution unique? And what are some interesting facts about the US Constitution? Well, in this post, we will share 16 interesting facts about the US Constitution that you probably didn&#8217;t know about. The US Constitution is the Oldest in the World Since it became official on September 17th, 1787, the US Constitution has been its ruling government charter to date. It has been in existence for over two centuries, making [&hellip;]
- [Joe Biden Scandals](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/joe-biden-scandals/): Controversies that have plagued Joe Biden In 2022, Joe Biden is most known for his role as the 46th President of the United States. Before that, he was vice president to Barack Obama for eight years. There&#8217;s no doubt that Joe Biden is a career politician. However, his bid for presidency unearthed a career that was notched with gaffes and scandals. These controversies ranged from the warily innocuous to those with serious potential to mar his name in politics forever. For instance, much of Biden&#8217;s popularity in the 2020 election was rooted in the aggressive stance he took against Donald [&hellip;]
- [How is the Population of the United States Made Up?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-is-the-population-of-the-united-states-made-up/): Population Demographics of the United States The United States has a population of just over 330 million people, making it the 3rd most populated country globally. As a nation mostly descended from immigrants, it comprises an incredibly diverse population, setting it apart from most of the modern world. America&#8217;s openness to immigration continues to add to its varied population, confirming its reputation as a melting pot of peoples.&nbsp; Race The racial make-up of the US population is primarily broken down into four different groups as noted by the US Census Bureau, White, Hispanic, African American, and Asian. Whites currently comprise [&hellip;]
- [Who Signed the Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/who-signed-the-constitution/): Signing of the Constitution The Constitution was signed at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. While most people there signed it, some refused, seeing the Constitution as incomplete and not ready to send to the states. After the Constitution was sent to all 13 states, at least nine states had to sign it for the Constitution to become law. New Hampshire was the ninth state to ratify it, giving it legal power.  Dozens of People Attended the Constitutional Convention The Constitution replaced the earlier Articles of Confederation. After the Constitution came the important Bill of Rights, followed by many more [&hellip;]
- [The Chief Justice: A Key Player in the Courts](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-the-chief-justice/): The Supreme Court is at the top of the judicial food chain in the United States. It has the authority to review any case that involves federal law originating from either federal or state courts. This gives it a broad range of power when it comes to deciding the outcomes of various legal disputes. It is the ultimate arbiter of justice in the United States. What is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States? The Chief Justice is the head of the Justices of the United States Supreme Court. The Chief Justice has one vote on [&hellip;]
- [What Presidents Have Been on Coins?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/what-presidents-are-or-have-been-on-coins/): Presidents on Standard Coins Many coins used in the United States have pictures of former presidents on their faces. Five former US presidents are found on standard coins.  The Penny: Abraham Lincoln In 1909, Abraham Lincoln was added to the front of the penny, the one-cent coin. The first pennies with Lincoln on them came out a hundred years after he was born. Lincoln was the 16th president, serving as the nation&#8217;s leader during the Civil War. His efforts to defeat the Confederacy kept the United States from a permanent split. Under his presidency, Congress passed the 13th Amendment, which [&hellip;]
- [How Much Does the US President Make?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/how-much-does-the-us-president-make/): Presidential Earnings The pay for Presidents of the United States has changed a handful of times since George Washington was in office until the present day. There hasn&#8217;t been an increase in pay since 2001. Presidents in office haven&#8217;t complained about the money they make. They want to make a difference in this leadership role. They aren&#8217;t there for the money, believe in the United States constitution, and want to uphold it. They prepare for challenges, pursue economic growth, and take care of anything that comes their way. United States presidents wear many hats and work closely with their own [&hellip;]
- [What is Presidents' Day?](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/what-is-presidents-day/): Largely enjoyed and celebrated by everyone, very few people know what makes Presidents&#8217; Day so important for the United States. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. A Day To Honor America&#8217;s Presidents If you talk to people about what they know about Presidents Day, most will likely comment on how [&hellip;]
- [US Presidents who Never Served in the Military](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/us-presidents-that-never-served-in-military/): It might be easy to assume that the President in the US must have previously served in the military due to the title of commander in chief. However, the reality is that military service isn't a requirement for holding the highest office in the United States. A significant number of American Presidents did not serve in the military in any capacity.
- [Clinton Scandals](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/clinton-scandals/): Bill and Hillary Clinton&#8217;s time in the public eye has never been short of scandals &#8211; much to the delight of the rumor mill and conspiracy theorists. Hillary first entered the spotlight when her husband Bill ran for office in 1974, and both of them have faced numerous investigations ever since. What are the Clinton Scandals? Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton&#8217;s scandals have mainly involved financial and sexual matters. This article will cover the most prominent scandals of Hillary and Bill Clinton&#8217;s careers. The early Clinton scandals Hillary Clinton, often alongside her husband and former president Bill Clinton, has a [&hellip;]
- [What is the Electoral College?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-is-the-electoral-college-and-how-does-it-work/): About the Electoral College Every four years, millions of American voters head to the polls to elect their President. After casting the ballot, voters wait for the results to be declared officially. The presidential winner is determined by the electoral college and not the nationwide vote. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm [&hellip;]
- [Why Doesn't the US Have Universal Healthcare?](https://constitutionus.com/health/why-doesnt-the-us-have-universal-healthcare/): Unlike most other developed countries, the United States does not provide universal health care to its citizens. While a lot of medical care is paid for by the federal government, many people still do not have health coverage.
- [Presidents Who Declared a National Emergency](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/presidents-who-declared-a-national-emergency/): The COVID-19 pandemic national emergency declared by President Trump that continues into the present has been the latest instance of a president exercising power to declare a national emergency. While the move has been unprecedented in its scope, there are many other presidents who have declared national emergencies. When is a national emergency declared? Since the inception of the United States, presidents such as Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry Truman, and Richard Nixon have issued executive orders to circumvent or expedite congressional approval for various interventions ranging from military expansion to responding to civil unrest.&nbsp; Since the National Emergency [&hellip;]
- [When Does the Electoral College Vote?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/when-does-the-electoral-college-vote/): When Do Electors Meet In State Capitals To Vote? The electoral college votes on the Monday that follows the second Wednesday in December. Electors meet in state capitals (or within the District of Columbia for electors representing DC) and cast their votes. Electors vote on separate ballots for president and vice president. At no point does the entire Electoral College meet. Instead, each state holds its own meetings to determine electoral votes. As the results of these meetings are transmitted by mail (and electronic communication), they do not have to be strictly concurrent. In 2024, the electoral college will vote [&hellip;]
- [What is Hillary Clinton Doing Now?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/what-is-hillary-clinton-doing-now/): Has Hillary Clinton Disappeared? Since the 2016 election, when Hillary Clinton lost out on the US presidency to Donald Trump, the ex-first lady and Secretary of State has been living away from the political limelight. Despite it appearing that Clinton has opted for a quieter life with her husband and 42nd US president Bill &#8211; she&#8217;s actually been working on numerous projects behind the scenes and is showing no sign of slowing down. With reports emerging that Hillary Clinton may be planning a return to US politics, it&#8217;s a good time to catch up on what she&#8217;s been doing since [&hellip;]
- [The Family of James Madison](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/the-family-of-james-madison/): James Madison One of the founding fathers and 4th president of the country, James Madison is hailed by many as the defacto &#8220;Father of the Constitution&#8221; thanks to his essential role in the drafting of the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights. After its ratification, Madison served as a close confidant and advisor to the Washington presidency. From 1789 to 1801, Madison served as a Congressman. From 1801 till 1809, he was appointed as the Secretary of State. From there, he then ran for and won the title of president of the United States. While certainly the most famous [&hellip;]
- [The Founding Fathers](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/the-founding-fathers/): The founding fathers redeemed America from the rule of the British. Who are the 7 Founding Fathers? Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. This post will highlight everything there is to know about these founding fathers and how they helped form the United States Of America. Who Were The Founding Fathers? America&#8217;s founding fathers were composed of seven gallant men who led the then 13 colonies of the United Colonies (now the USA) to independence. Post-independence, these men sat down and planned the unification of the 13 colonies to form the United States of America and [&hellip;]
- [Roman Numeral Converter](https://constitutionus.com/misc/roman-numeral-converter/): Roman Numeral Calculator: If you would like to convert Arabic Numbers (what you may think of as normal) into Roman Numerals, then you can use the following calculator. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. It&#8217;s very simple to use. Just enter any number in the form, and it will tell [&hellip;]
- [What is the Economic System in the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/economy/what-is-the-economic-system-in-the-united-states/): The Economic System in the United States The Economic System in the United States is known as a mixed economy. This system combines elements of free market capitalism with government intervention. Economists often describe it as part capitalist and part socialist. What Is A Mixed Economy? The United States economy operates with private businesses and government regulation. In a free market, supply and demand naturally balance production. For example, if there’s a shortage of toasters, prices rise, and companies make more. When supply increases, prices fall again. While businesses compete with one another in a market-driven economy, the government also [&hellip;]
- [JFK Assassination Conspiracy Theories](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/jfk-assassination-conspiracy-theories/): Why was JFK killed? On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he was traveling in a presidential motorcade through Dallas, Texas. Shot in the head and neck, Kennedy was taken to Parkland Hospital and pronounced dead at 1 pm CST. About an hour after Kennedy&#8217;s death, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested after his description was provided over the radio and formally arraigned the next day. Although many governmental and news organizations concluded that Oswald had acted alone, several conspiracy theories arose in conjunction with the assassination. The presence of many unexplained suspicious details that contradicted the [&hellip;]
- [What is the Trump Foundation?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/what-is-the-trump-foundation/): Explaining the Trump Foundation The Trump Foundation is the name commonly used when referring to the Donald J. Trump Foundation, a tax-exempt private foundation established by former president Donald Trump in 1988. He created this foundation as a means to collect and handle the royalties from his popular book Trump: The Art of the Deal and to collect donations and distribute them to charitable causes. The Trump Foundation had very few staff, consisting only of Donald Trump and the board members, and had no physical office space from which to operate. 2016 brought about the start of investigations into the [&hellip;]
- [Who is the Father of the Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/who-is-the-father-of-the-united-states-constitution/): James Madison &#8211; The Father Of The Constitution Many men had a hand in the forming and drafting of the United States Constitution, including such famous founding fathers as Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and Thomas Jefferson. However, James Madison is called the Father of the Constitution. Madison earned this title by being intimately involved with formulating the ideas behind the Constitution, taking part in the debates that formed it, and promoting it to the public once it was a finished document. Madison came from a prominent Virginia family. Before the Revolution, he served as a delegate to the Virginia House [&hellip;]
- [What Is the Name of the National Anthem?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-is-name-of-national-anthem/): The Star-Spangled Banner is a song that evolved from a war-time poem of 1814. It didn't become the official national anthem of the nation until 1931. Today, it is sung at major events and sporting occasions, with spectators expected to stand, address the flag, and place their hands over their hearts. Since 1931, other songs have gained popularity, and America The Beautiful is a frontrunner for the unofficial anthem. 
- [What Do We Show Loyalty to When We Say the Pledge of Allegiance?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-show-loyalty-to-when-we-say-pledge-of-allegiance/): Both of these answers are correct. The aim of the Pledge of Allegiance is for citizens to express their patriotism and loyalty to their country, hence the answer of the United States. However, the literal wording is "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America...". So, the answer is also the flag.
- [Who Wrote the Declaration of Independence?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-wrote-the-declaration-of-independence/): This important document is heralded as one of the most significant achievements of the man that would later become President of the United States. It is, therefore, easy to assume that he wrote it all himself and was responsible for every word. However, a larger committee was tasked with the job, and many point out that the ideas presented weren't original.
- [When Was the Declaration of Independence Adopted?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/when-was-declaration-of-independence-adopted/): This question is on the exam because the answer is Independence Day - the day of the year when Americans celebrate gaining freedom from the rule of Great Britain. However, there are some misconceptions about this date and the long process of gaining independence. Therefore, it helps to understand better the chronology of the period, from the creation of the document to its adoption, signing, and the vital Treaty of Paris. 
- [Who Is the Commander in Chief of the Military?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-is-commander-in-chief-of-military/): The role of Commander in Chief is one of many that the president has in the wider role as leader of the country. It grants them certain powers over the military and during wars. However, this power is not absolute. So, what can the president do as Commander in Chief, can they declare war, and what significant historical moments are they responsible for?
- [What Are Implied Powers?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-are-implied-powers/): Implied powers are those powers granted to the United States government that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution. They are powers that are assumed to be held by the federal government. In particular, implied powers refer to those powers that Congress can exercise but are not directly outlined in the Constitution.
- [What Is Veterans Day About?](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/what-is-veterans-day-about/): There are many national holidays in America, but two appear to have similar themes. One is Memorial Day, and the other is Veterans Day. How does Veterans Day differ from Memorial Day? And, how does it relate to Armistice Day on the same date? 
- [What Is Armistice Day?](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/what-is-armistice-day/): On the 11th of November, citizens across the United States enjoy the federal holiday of Veterans Day. But, this date is also associated with Armistice Day. So, what is the difference between the two, and what is the significance of this day in the country? Can we celebrate both?
- [The Purpose and Functions of the National Guard](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-the-national-guard/): The National Guard is a force that we only tend to see when there is a state of emergency, such as a major hurricane or large-scale riot. Who are these people, what are their roles as part of this national service, and how important are they?
- [What Are the President’s Powers?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/what-are-the-presidents-powers/): The role of the President of The United States is often heralded as being the most powerful in the world. This seems justified when we consider everything that a president can do. So, what are the president's powers, and do they have absolute power?
- [Who Was the Best President?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/who-was-the-best-president/): The United States has enjoyed and suffered the terms of a range of presidents. Some were exceptional and influential, others downright awful and embarrassing, and many mediocre. But, who was the best?
- [What Did Frederick Douglass Do?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/slavery/what-did-frederick-douglass-do/): The life of Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) has been a source of inspiration and hope for millions of people throughout the world. He never wavered from his days as a prisoner slave to international notoriety as an activist. His brilliant ideas and courageous acts continue to influence how we think about race, democracy, and what it means to be free in the United States.
- [Who Is Aaron Burr?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/who-is-aaron-burr/): Aaron Burr is primarily remembered because he slew his rival, Alexander Hamilton, during an illegal duel in 1804.
- [What Is the Tea Party?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-the-tea-party/): The Tea Party movement is a populist political movement formed in the United States in 2009, mainly opposed to excessive taxation and government intrusion into business while advocating stricter immigration controls.
- [What Are the Border States?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-are-the-border-states/): Contrary to popular belief, not all the states who decided to remain in the Union opposed slavery. Four remaining Union states, Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware, chose to stay in the country, despite allowing slavery to exist within their borders. These states were known as border states and were the focal point of the first year of the Civil War. 
- [Why Do Presidents Pardon?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/why-do-presidents-pardon/): The President of the United States has the power to issue pardons to people who have committed federal crimes. A pardon allows a person who has perpetrated such a crime to be fully exonerated of that infraction.
- [What Is the Name of the President of the United States Now?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-of-president-of-united-states-now/): This is one of the answers to the exam questions that will change over time. At the time of writing, Joe Biden is the current president and has been in power for over a year. He belongs to a long line of presidents and will, in time, be succeeded. So, who is Joe Biden, how did he get to the White House, what has happened during his first year in office, and who might replace him?
- [What Is the Name of the Vice President of the United States Now?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-of-vice-president-of-united-states-now/): Every president chooses a running mate for their election campaign but may select someone else for a second term. Vice presidents can also resign mid-term. At the moment, Kamala Harris is vice president, and one of the most historically significant appointments. Why is this the case, and could she ever become President of the United States?
- [Who Was the Worst President? A Rogue's Gallery of Failed Leaders.](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/who-was-the-worst-president/): There is always a fascination with ranking the presidents from worst to best to see how they match up. Those in power want to end their term with a good legacy that places them in at least the top 10, but this is easier said than done. So, who are the contenders for the worst president of the United States?
- [Who Is at the Inauguration?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/who-is-at-the-inauguration/): The United States presidential inauguration on Capitol Hill is a huge event on the political calendar. It only happens every four years as presidents are sworn in for their first or next term. It can be fascinating to watch everyone take their seat and fulfill their assigned roles. So, who is in attendance at the inauguration?
- [Third Wave Feminism in the United States](https://constitutionus.com/womens-rights/third-wave-feminism-in-the-united-states/): Third Wave Feminism Third-wave feminism began in America in the early 1990s. While it still grapples with many of the same unresolved issues as its predecessors, it has taken on many new issues as well. A primary motivator for activism in third-wave feminism has been the cause of eliminating harassment and violence against women. The 1991 case of Anita Hill spurred feminism&#8217;s third wave. Ms. Hill accused Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas of sexual harassment. Throughout the case, she was further harassed by the media, and many in the general public, who did not believe her. Thomas, for his part, [&hellip;]
- [Second Wave Feminism in the United States](https://constitutionus.com/womens-rights/second-wave-feminism-in-the-united-states/): Second Wave Feminism Following the passage of the 19th Amendment, women continued to achieve equal rights for women on many different fronts. Activists fought for access to education, equal pay for equal work, and bodily autonomy. Early female medical professionals such as Margaret Sanger advocated for birth control&#8217;s widespread availability and safety. During World War 1, and even more so in World War 2, women were thrust into the workplace as men were sent to fight. But the true second wave of feminism was born in the early 1960s. It was when many women were seeking a way to break [&hellip;]
- [First Wave Feminism in the United States](https://constitutionus.com/womens-rights/first-wave-feminism-in-the-united-states/): Where was the feminist movement born in the United States? History widely recognizes the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention, the first-ever women&#8217;s rights convention, as the First Wave of Feminism. The convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York, drew a crowd of 300 mostly-female thinkers, activists, and writers who convened to discuss and organize for women&#8217;s rights. At this time, many people advocating for women&#8217;s rights had come to their position through an interest in the abolition movement. However, by examining the abuses that black people were suffering, they also began to recognize the inequality women faced. Indeed, one of the [&hellip;]
- [Which President Died of Pneumonia?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/which-president-died-of-pneumonia/): The short answer is that William Henry Harrison died of pneumonia - or at least that's what most history books say. The 9th President of the United States died shortly after taking office in 1841. The commonly told story is that he caught a cold at his inauguration, which developed into pneumonia, and he died. Yet, some wonder if there were other causes to blame. 
- [Who Wrote the National Anthem?](https://constitutionus.com/misc/who-wrote-the-national-anthem/): Francis Scott Key, a Maryland lawyer and slaveholder, composed 'The Star-Spangled Banner' on September 14th, 1814. It was adopted as the United States' national anthem more than a century later. There's much more to the story behind the song, though, and many interesting facts that the ordinary American may not be aware of.
- [What Is One Thing Benjamin Franklin Is Famous For?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/one-thing-benjamin-franklin-famous-for/): The role of a diplomat was one of many undertaken by Benjamin Franklin when working on behalf of the government. His work took place in France, where he was in charge of maintaining relationships to improve the likelihood of American independence from Great Britain. He set up the 1778 alliance with France to deliver America a stronger ally in the war while also continuing to negotiate with the British.
- [Name One American Indian Tribe in the United States](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-one-american-indian-tribe-in-united-states/): As of February 19th, 2020, there 574 were native tribes legally recognized in the United States. This means that all 574 have passed strict criteria that mean that the government can federally recognize them. There could well be many smaller tribes of native people across the nation that aren't yet recognized under those guidelines.
- [Why Does the Flag Have 13 Stripes?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/why-does-the-flag-have-13-stripes/): The Eastern Seaboard of the United States is home to some of the oldest states in the Union. It was here that European settlers landed on American shores and set up their first colonies.
- [What Is SCOTUS?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-scotus/): The United States government commonly uses distinct abbreviations or acronyms to refer to different agencies, branches of government, or civil servants. SCOTUS is one of the most common governmental acronyms and refers to the Supreme Court of the United States. It is very similar to the acronym POTUS, which refers to the President of the United States. 
- [Name Three of the Original 13 States](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-three-of-original-13-states/): Virginia is home to one of the earliest settlements in the country. English colonists arrived in Virginia in 1607 and chose the site at Jamestown, a little way upriver, as the ideal place to start their new life.
- [Name One State That Borders Mexico](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-one-state-that-borders-mexico/): The Mexican border is a 1,954-mile stretch of land that has been the subject of redevelopment for hundreds of years. The lines were redrawn a number of times in the mid-1800s as the United States moved west and needed suitable land. Since then, the boundary has remained constant with the borders against California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
- [Which US States Border Canada](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-one-state-that-borders-canada/): The boundary between Canada and the United States is the longest globally at 5,525 miles. It stretches coast to coast from Atlantic to Pacific and includes the border with Alaska. This border is also significantly larger than the one on the southern boundary with Mexico. That one is just 1,954 miles because of the position of the Gulf of Mexico.
- [When Do We Celebrate Independence Day?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/when-do-we-celebrate-independence-day/): Independence Day is celebrated on the 4th of July. The date signifies the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the document used by Americans to declare independence from the British.
- [What Ocean Is on the East Coast of the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-ocean-on-east-coast-united-states/): There are areas where other seas and bays are prominent, but the Atlantic ocean is the most influential and notable body of water. There are lots of states that have some form of Atlantic coastline. What are they, and how important is the Atlantic to the history and current culture of the United States? 
- [What Ocean Is on the West Coast of the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-ocean-on-west-coast-united-states/): There is a long coastline of the United States of America that covers the western states and the two states that were the last to join the Union. This region has an important history in the expansion of the United States. So, let's learn a bit more about the different areas of coastline and this Western Seaboard. 
- [When Did the United States Join World War 2?](https://constitutionus.com/war/when-did-united-states-join-world-war-2/): For much of its early existence, the United States took a backseat in foreign military conflicts, choosing a path of non-interventionism or isolationism. Although the US occasionally became involved in conflicts directly surrounding it in its hemisphere, it rarely tried to influence European politics. The Founding Fathers themselves were wary of the potential pitfalls of becoming entangled in foreign alliances.
- [What Is the Capital of Your State?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-is-the-capital-of-your-state/): There are 50 states in the United States in all and while the names of many state capitals trip off the tongue, some are less well known. Many are not even the largest city in their state. Here is a list of the states and their capitals.
- [What Did Rosa Parks Do?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/what-did-rosa-parks-do/): Rosa Louise McCauley Parks is best known for refusing to give up her bus seat in Montgomery, Alabama, to a white man, becoming an iconic figure in the civil rights movement. This incident took place on December 1st, 1955.
- [What Were the Confederate States?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-were-the-confederate-states/): The institution of slavery dominated much of American politics during the first half of the 19th century, becoming a significant source of dissension between the northern and southern states. Interestingly, slavery was not a major topic of discussion during the Continental Congress or the early days of the American republic. 
- [What Are Swing States?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-are-swing-states/): Unlike many other countries in the world, the United States does not elect a president based on a direct popular vote total. Instead, elections are determined by the Electoral College, a process whereby individual states are assigned a specific number of Electoral College votes. The presidential candidate who receives a majority of those votes is then elected president.
- [Barack Obama Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/barack-obama-net-worth/): Barack Obama is the 44th president of the United States of America and served in office as a Democrat from 2009 - to 2017, succeeding George W Bush in the White House. Obama is recognized as the first African American president and has dedicated his life to making real-world changes outside of his presidency. 
- [What Is One Power of the Federal Government?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/under-constitution-one-power-of-federal-government/): While the federal government has extensive powers, they are limited to the powers given to it by the United States Constitution. If a power is not explicitly granted to the federal government in the constitution, it belongs to the states or the people and not the federal government. This comes from the Ninth Amendment, limiting the federal government's powers to what the constitution gives them.
- [What Is a Power of the States?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/under-constitution-what-is-one-power-of-states/): According to the Constitution the powers not explicitly granted to the federal government are deferred to the states or the people. The states' powers include providing schooling and education, police protection, and land use.
- [What Are Two Rights of Everyone Living in the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/two-rights-of-everyone-living-in-united-states/): After the Constitution gave the federal government a significant amount of power in 1787, the Bill of Rights was introduced to protect the rights of the people and state governments.
- [What Does the President’s Cabinet Do?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-does-presidents-cabinet-do/): The Cabinet is there to assist the president in making decisions on a wide range of complex issues. The number of problems the country faces is so vast that it would be impossible to find a president with expertise in every area.
- [Founding Father James Monroe](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/founding-father-james-monroe/): Biography Of James Monroe James Monroe was a statesman, a founding father, and a lawyer. He was born on April 28th, 1758, in Monroe Hall, Virginia, to Spence and Elizabeth Monroe. Early Life He was home-schooled until age 11, when his parents enrolled him in Campbelltown Academy. At the early age of 16, James Monroe got admitted to the College of William and Mary. However, he soon dropped out of college a year later to fight in the continental war for America&#8217;s independence.&nbsp; Political Career After victory had emerged, James Monroe was appointed as a delegate to the Continental Congress. [&hellip;]
- [Founding Father James Madison](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/founding-father-james-madison/): Biography Of James Madison James Madison is often referred to as the father of the Constitution. He was the 4th president of the United States and served two terms in office. Early Life James Madison was born on March 16th, 1751, in Virginia, and was the oldest of 12 children. He was brilliant, and his brilliance gained him admission into Princeton University at the age of 18. After graduating college, Madison&#8217;s interest in matters concerning the termination of colonial rule peaked, and he joined the Virginia militia to fight in the revolutionary war. He was appointed colonel of the militia. [&hellip;]
- [Founding Father Thomas Jefferson](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/founding-father-thomas-jefferson/): Biography Of Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States and the Declaration of Independence architect. Early Life He was born on April 13th, 1743, in Albemarle County, Virginia. His family was part of the affluent class in Virginia, and he was raised on his family&#8217;s farm. He was enrolled in the College of William and Mary, studying mathematics and psychology. Upon graduating, Thomas Jefferson shifted his interest to politics, and at age 25, he was appointed to the Virginia House of Burgesses. During this period, the revolution towards America&#8217;s independence started, and Jefferson was in [&hellip;]
- [Founding Father John Adams](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/founding-father-john-adams/): Biography Of John Adams John Adams was the second president of the United States of America, and he was known for his brilliance and impetuous anger, which he inherited from his mother. He was a lawyer and a diplomat, and his colleagues respected him for his brilliant speech, which convinced the first Continental Congress to declare independence. Early Life John Adams was born on October 30th, 1735, in Braintree, Norfolk, Massachusetts. As a child, Adams didn&#8217;t find school to be an exciting place, and he would skip classes to fish or hunt. This caused his father to worry about his [&hellip;]
- [Founding Father George Washington](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/founding-father-george-washington/): Biography Of George Washington&nbsp; As a gallant and plucky soldier during the revolutionary war, George Washington worked his way up and earned his position of becoming the first-ever president of the United States. Early Life George Washington was born on February 22nd, 1732, in the Westmoreland County of Virginia. He was the oldest of his nine siblings, and his family&#8217;s affluence made it possible for him to be home-schooled. At 18, George Washington joined the Virginia Militia in 1752 to mark the land boundaries of the colony of Virginia. He was applauded for his courage throughout the war and was [&hellip;]
- [Founding Father Alexander Hamilton](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/founding-father-alexander-hamilton/): Early Life Besides being a founding father, lawyer, and soldier, Alexander Hamilton was the first state secretary of the treasury of the United States. Most sources say he was born on January 11th, 1755. However, other sources say he was born on January 11th, 1757. He was born in the West Indies to his mother, Rachel Faucette Buck. Hamilton lived with his mom and his brother, though unfortunately, at age 11, his mom died. Consequently, Alexander and his brother became orphans because their father and mother lived apart. Due to this unfortunate circumstance, Hamilton had to find a job to [&hellip;]
- [Founding Father Benjamin Franklin](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/founding-father-benjamin-franklin/): Early Life Benjamin Franklin is the most popular founding father among the seven. He is seen on the 100 dollar bill, and his name (Benjamin) is jargon for the US dollar, which explains his popularity. Besides featuring on the $100 bill, Benjamin Franklin was known for his innovative prowess in discovering electricity, however, others disputed that he only discovered that lightning generated electricity. Benjamin Franklin was born to Abia and Josiah Franklin in Boston on January 17th, 1706. He was the 10th child of his parents, and in his early years, his dad encouraged him to enroll in the clergy. [&hellip;]
- [What Is an Amendment?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-is-an-amendment/): What is an Amendment? This may seem like a simple question, but it actually has a complex answer. An amendment is a change or addition to the Constitution of the United States.
- [Four Amendments About Who Can Vote](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/four-amendments-to-constitution-about-who-can-vote/): The 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th amendments protect people's voting rights. They eliminate discrimination on race/sex, make it illegal to require anyone to pay money to vote and reduce the voting age to eighteen. 
- [What Was One Important Thing That Abraham Lincoln Did?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/one-important-thing-abraham-lincoln-did/): Abraham Lincoln kept the Union intact during the Civil War, preventing it from splitting into two weaker countries and stopping slavery from continuing for some more decades.
- [Are US Presidents Rich?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/are-us-presidents-rich/): The POTUS is typically seen as one of the most powerful people in the country, if not the world. So it should come as no surprise that they are often among the wealthiest individuals in America. What Do We Know About The Wealth Of US Presidents? Donald Trump had already made a fortune in real estate before becoming President, making him the wealthiest occupant of the White House. His estimated net worth was around 3 billion dollars when he took office in 2017, according to Forbes Magazine. Meanwhile, John F Kennedy was considered wealthy even by 1960s standards. His family [&hellip;]
- [Joe Biden Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/joe-biden-net-worth/): Joe Biden has made a lot of money in his career &#8211; more than 17 million dollars. But he is not worth 17 million dollars. What is Joe Biden&#8217;s net worth? Joe Biden&#8217;s current net worth might be about $9 million dollars . Biden earned his money in his lengthy political career. Who is Joe Biden? Biden was born in 1942 and has been in American politics for decades. He served as a Senator representing Delaware for 36 years, from 1973 to 2009. He made most of his fortune in the years between when he left the presidency and when [&hellip;]
- [What Territory Did the United States Buy From France in 1803?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-territory-united-states-buy-from-france-1803/): The Louisiana Purchase was the biggest land deal the United States government ever made. The United States purchased the entire western half of the Mississippi river basin - more than 800,000 square miles.
- [Why Were the Federalist Papers Written?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/why-were-federalist-papers-written/): The Constitution of The United States sits behind glass in the National Archives, detailing the new powers of the United States and providing a basis for the structure of its national government. We often turn to these words to determine whether acts of government are constitutional and see them as an ever-important foundation for the nation.
- [What Is the Capital of the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/capital-of-united-states/): The city of Washington, D.C. has been the nation's capital for over 200 years following its founding in 1790. However, it is far from the only capital the United States has seen.
- [Self-Government and the First Three Words of the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/words-that-show-self-government-in-constitution/): The Constitution opens with the words "We the people." Even taken out of context, the phrase implies that the authors are members of the population they speak for. The suggestion is that the people are speaking for themselves.
- [In What Month Do We Vote for President?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/in-what-month-do-we-vote-for-president/): Every four years, voters head to the polls in November to determine the next leader of the United States. But why is it always a Tuesday in November, and when does the winner take charge?
- [Where Is the Statue of Liberty?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/where-is-the-statue-of-liberty/): This question shouldn't be that difficult to answer because we know that she stands proud on an island in the waters near New York City. But, that is where the confusion lies.
- [Name Two National U.S. Holidays](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-two-national-us-holidays/): A federal holiday has been designated for the whole nation to enjoy via the authority of Congress. Typically, this means that all government employees get time off and that government buildings are closed. There may also be the case that other institutions will close too, such as banks and schools, or that businesses will make the personal decision to give staff time off.
- [Why Does the Flag Have 50 Stars?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/why-does-the-flag-have-50-stars/): There is a star on the flag for every state in the United States. This means that the flag as we see it today represents the nation correctly and is also an ever-evolving symbol of the country. The flag has adapted a lot since the United States became independent. How has it evolved, what other forms has it taken, and could it ever change?
- [Who Was President During World War One?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-was-president-during-world-war-one/): Woodrow Wilson ran for president as someone that would keep the United States out of the war in Europe. He wanted to help other countries reach a peace deal, didn't want American soldiers fighting, and wanted to keep America neutral.
- [Name One U.S. Territory](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-one-us-territory/): To pass the US citizenship test, you will have to answer 10 of a possible 100 questions. The following question is from the USCIS test. Name One U.S. Territory. Acceptable Answers: Puerto Rico US Virgin Islands American Samoa Northern Mariana Islands Guam The following is a full explanation of the USCIS question: The United States Territories The United States has fourteen territories in total. They are: &#8211; American Samoa &#8211; Baker Island &#8211; Guam&nbsp; &#8211; Howland Island &#8211; Jarvis Island &#8211; Johnston Atoll &#8211; Kingman Reef &#8211; Palmyra Atoll &#8211;&nbsp;Puerto Rico &#8211; Navassa Island &#8211; Northern Mariana Islands &#8211; US [&hellip;]
- [Who Was President During the Great Depression and World War 2?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/president-during-great-depression-world-war-2/): Franklin Roosevelt, who was the only president to serve more than two terms, was president during World War II and the depression. Roosevelt helped end the great depression and win the Second World War, but some of his economic decisions are still controversial. While most people have a high opinion of President Roosevelt, the age of higher government spending and income tax never really ended. 
- [What Is the Rule of Law?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-is-rule-of-law/): The rule of law is a concept with several key tenets that help ensure a fair, civil society. Under the rule of law, laws are publicly promulgated, enforced equally, and adjudicated independently. In other words, everyone understands laws, and everyone must follow them. The law binds people in positions of power and the government in the same way as normal citizens. No one is above the law.
- [Who Wrote the Federalist Papers?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/who-wrote-the-federalist-papers/): Opinion columns in newspapers or online aren't always the best way of convincing people to share a viewpoint. There is always the risk that political biases will end up causing greater tensions. Still, a well-written piece could raise enough questions and shift the balance.
- [We Elect a US Senator for How Many Years?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/elect-us-senator-how-many-years/): The United States Constitution has provided the foundation for the rule of law in America for nearly 250 years, proving itself as one of the world's most successful constitutions. It employs a system of checks and balances to ensure that no one branch of government becomes too powerful. The legislative branch is composed of a bicameral Congress, with a Senate and House of Representatives, and is delegated the highest number of responsibilities within the federal government.    Senators serve a six-year term, the longest term length established by the United States Constitution. They are categorized into separate classes, each comprising roughly one-third of the body, with a different class being elected every two years. With only one-third of members elected every national election, the turnover of the Senate is much less significant than the House, reflecting the Founding Fathers' desire to provide steady, consistent leadership in this body.
- [What Did the Emancipation Proclamation Do?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-did-emancipation-proclamation-do/): The Emancipation Proclamation declared that all slaves in Confederate states were free. It encouraged many slaves to escape and join the Union Army but did not immediately free slaves in northern states.
- [What Is One Reason Colonists Came to America?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/one-reason-colonists-came-to-america/): Traveling to North America back in the 17th and 18th centuries was often a dangerous affair. Voyagers could easily fall ill and die on a sailing ship at the time. So why did people take such a risk to start a new life in a new land?
- [Who Is the "Father of Our Country?"](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-is-the-father-of-our-country/): George Washington is called the "Father of Our Country." Washington was a revolutionary war hero who became the United States' first president. 
- [When Were the Federalist Papers Written?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/when-were-the-federalist-papers-written/): Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay were all highly influential figures at the end of the 18th century. They not only helped shape the government through high-profile roles but also pushed their Federalist agenda in the creation of the United States Constitution. Their work and ideas are still available to read in the form of the Federalist Papers.
- [What Happened at the Constitutional Convention?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-happened-at-constitutional-convention/): The Constitutional Convention was a seminal political discussion in Philadelphia that took place from May to September 1787. It is where the founding fathers drafted the constitution.
- [What Are Two Cabinet-Level Positions?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-are-two-cabinet-level-positions/): The president's Cabinet includes many cabinet-level positions, including vice president, attorney general, the heads of the department of defense, and a number of other departments.
- [Where Does Sky News Stand Politically?](https://constitutionus.com/media/where-does-sky-news-stand-politically/): Sky News is one of the most influential news broadcasting agencies of the modern day. An impressive achievement when considering how young the organization is-especially compared to a competitor like the BBC, which has been operating since 1922.
- [What Are the Federalist Papers?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-are-the-federalist-papers/): The Federalist Papers were a series of essays written by a group called Publius. Under this assumed pen name, they wrote detailed arguments in favor of the United States Constitution in its final draft and against the Articles of Confederation.
- [What Is the Political Party of the President Now?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/political-party-of-president/): The current president of the United States, Joe Biden, is a member of the Democratic Party, the oldest political party in the United States. The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, alongside the Republican Party, that has dominated the political landscape for the last 160 years
- [What Did Martin Luther King Jr. Do?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-did-martin-luther-king-jr-do/): Martin Luther King Jr was the most famous activist of the 1950s and 1960s civil rights era. He helped end racial discrimination in voting, housing, and public transportation. King was assassinated in 1968, but his movement succeeded.
- [What Is One Right or Freedom From the First Amendment](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-is-one-right-or-freedom-from-first-amendment/): The First Amendment guarantees a number of freedoms, including the freedom of the press.
- [Name One War Fought by the United States in the 1900s](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/war-fought-by-united-states-in-1900s/): In the twentieth century, the United States fought World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Gulf War. Some of these wars are seen as clear victories. However, others were defeats and are not seen positively today.
- [Name One Branch or Part of the Government](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-one-branch-or-part-of-government/): As one of the oldest and most successful constitutions in world history, the United States Constitution has expertly governed American democracy for nearly two and a half centuries. It creates three separate branches of government, the legislative, executive, and judicial, each with different responsibilities and powers.
- [What Movement Tried To End Racial Discrimination?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-movement-tried-to-end-racial-discrimination/): The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s tried to end racial discrimination in the United States. While racial discrimination still exists, the movement succeeded in making voting rights equal and passing other anti-discrimination laws. It took a hundred years to go from the end of slavery to the beginning of voting rights.
- [If Both the President and Vice President Can No Longer Serve, Who Becomes President?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/if-president-and-vice-president-cannot-serve-who-becomes-president/): The United States Constitution has governed American society for nearly two and a half centuries, proving one of the most successful constitutions in world history. One of the most important issues addressed by the constitution and other pieces of legislation is the presidential order of succession in the event a president and/or vice president is unable to perform their duties. If both the president and vice president are unable to serve, the Speaker of the House of Representatives becomes president.
- [We Elect a President for How Many Years?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/we-elect-president-for-how-many-years/): The United States Constitution has masterfully governed American democracy for nearly 250 years, proving one of the most successful constitutions in world history. It establishes three separate branches of government, the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each with different responsibilities. The executive branch is led by a president, who serves a four-year term along with a vice president.
- [[Updated for 2025 Version] Naturalization Test - USCIS Questions and Answers](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/naturalization-test-uscis-questions-and-answers/): Process of Naturalization The naturalization test is part of the process to become a U.S. citizen. You must take and pass this test before your citizenship can be approved. You also must be a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) before you can apply for naturalization. This is a required step under U.S. immigration law. Two Versions of the Test There are now two versions of the USCIS civics test: The 2008 version (still used for most applicants) The 2025 version of the civics test, which will start on October 20, 2025 The 2008 version is the one used for [&hellip;]
- [Why Did the Colonists Fight the British?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/why-did-colonists-fight-the-british/): The colonists fought the British primarily due to high taxation, which led to the Boston Tea Party, other rebellious acts, and eventually revolution.
- [What is the Supreme Law of the Land?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-is-the-supreme-law-of-the-land/): The structure of the United States government was designed to protect the fundamental right of American citizens and maintain the balance of power between federal and state law. The United States Constitution is the document that the founding fathers made to define and reference this freedom and balance.
- [If the President Can No Longer Serve, Who Becomes President?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/if-president-can-no-longer-serve-who-becomes-president/): The United States Constitution is one of the oldest and most successful constitutions in world history, governing American democracy for nearly 250 years. The most powerful single individual created by the Constitution is the head of the executive branch of the government, the president. If a president is no longer able to serve, either by death or resignation, the vice president takes over the president's duties.
- [What Does the Judicial Branch Do?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-does-the-judicial-branch-do/): The judicial branch of the United States government reviews and explains the laws of the land. It also decides if a law goes against the constitution and resolves other legal disputes.
- [Name One War Fought by the US in the 1800s](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-one-war-fought-by-us-in-1800s/): The United States found itself embroiled in several conflicts in the 1800s, including the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Civil War, and the Spanish-American War. 
- [Who Was the First President?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-was-the-first-president/): George Washington was the first President of the United States. He was a Revolutionary War hero who led the revolutionary forces against Great Britain and helped write the constitution. He served two terms as president with the Electoral College voting for him unanimously on each occasion.
- [What Is Freedom of Religion?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-is-freedom-of-religion/): Freedom of religion is practicing whatever religion you choose without legal interference and not being compelled to practice a specific faith. It relates to equal rights for different religious groups. The First Amendment requires freedom of religion, which many people consider a human right.
- [What Is the Highest Court in the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/highest-court-in-united-states/): To pass the US citizenship test, you will have to answer 10 of a possible 100 questions. The following question is from the USCIS test. What is the highest court in the United States? Answer: The Supreme Court. The following is a full explanation of the USCIS question: The Supreme Court The Supreme Court wields power over every state and federal court, and one of its rulings can significantly change what is legal and illegal nationwide. If the Supreme Court rules that a law is unconstitutional or must be interpreted in a certain way, the lower courts must accede to [&hellip;]
- [What Are the Two Major Political Parties in the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/two-major-political-parties-in-united-states/): The political history of the United States has largely been dominated by a two-party system where only two major political parties carry significant influence in governmental operations. While many other political parties have been created and have occasionally held some sway in elections, they have never gained the same popularity as the two main parties in control of the political spectrum. For the last 160 years, the Democrat and Republican Parties have been the two primary political organizations responsible for running the country.
- [What Are the Two Parts of the US Congress?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-are-the-two-parts-of-us-congress/): The US Constitution delegates most of the responsibility for federal governance to a bicameral legislature. This legislature is comprised of a Senate and House of Representatives.
- [What Did the Declaration of Independence Do?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-did-declaration-of-independence-do/): The declaration of independence permanently cut political ties between the American colonies and Great Britain. The colonies became the United States, and from then on, there was little chance of Americans going back to being British subjects.
- [Who Is in Charge of the Executive Branch?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-is-in-charge-of-executive-branch/): The president has a lot of power in the United States, including controlling the entire executive branch of the government. There are many other people in the executive branch, but the president has the final say on all executive decisions.
- [Constitution Quiz: 5th Amendment PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-5th-amendment-pdf/): The 5th Amendment is possibly one of the most well known constitutional amendments as it is associated with the ‘right to plead the 5th’ oft quoted in movies. Test your knowledge on this topic with our quiz.
- [Constitution Quiz: How Old Is the United States? PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-how-old-is-the-united-states-pdf/): The United States is often referred to as young nation. So, just how old is the United States? Test your knowledge on this topic with our quiz.
- [Constitution Quiz: Article 5 PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-article-5-pdf/): Article 5 of the United States Constitution summarizes how the Constitution can be changed or amended from its original wording.
- [Constitution Quiz: Article 2 PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-article-2-pdf/): Whereas Article 1 of the United States Constitution sets out the guidelines of the legislative branch, Article 2 deals with the executive branch. Test your knowledge of Article 2 with our quiz
- [Constitution Quiz: We the People PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-we-the-people/): The United State Constitution opens with three famous words, 'We the People.' Why not test your knowledge on 'We the People' and the Constitution with our quiz.
- [Constitution Quiz: Purpose of the US Constitution PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-purpose-of-us-constitution/): We often hear the Constitution referred to as the Supreme Law of the Land. What is the purpose of the Constitution?
- [Constitution Quiz: Who Wrote the Constitution? PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-who-wrote-the-constitution/): There is no one author of the United States Constitution. There were several different contributors. So, who wrote the Constitution?
- [Constitution Quiz: What Does the Term Sovereignty Mean? PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-what-does-the-term-sovereignty-mean-pdf/): The first three words of the Constitution, “We the people,” introduce the concept of popular sovereignty. But what does the term sovereignty mean?
- [Constitution Quiz: How Many Terms Can a President Serve? - PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-how-many-terms-can-a-president-serve-pdf/): In the original Constitution there was no limit on the number of terms a president could serve. The 22nd Amendment changed that. Do you know how many terms a United States president can serve today?
- [Online US Constitution Quiz: Requirements and Qualifications To Become the US President](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/online-us-constitution-quiz-requirements-and-qualifications-to-become-the-us-president/)
- [Constitution Quiz: Requirements and Qualifications To Become the US President PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-requirements-and-qualifications-to-become-us-president-pdf/): Click here to download your Requirements and Qualifications To Become the US President Quiz in PDF format. Most people realize that there are certain requirements to become US President, but what are they? If you would like to learn more about this topic, you can go to: Requirements To Be President Or if you would like to download the PDF of this constitution quiz, you can click here. If you would like to take a quiz online about Requirements and Qualifications To Become the US President, then you can go to: Online US Constitution Quiz: Requirements and Qualifications To Become [&hellip;]
- [Online US Constitution Quiz: Constitutional Amendments](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/online-us-constitution-quiz-constitutional-amendments/)
- [When Was the Stamp Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/when-was-the-stamp-act/): The British Parliament enacted the Stamp Act in 1765, whereby the British colonies of America were required to pay tax for printed materials. The materials were printed in London and stamped with a British revenue stamp and included the likes of court reports, wills, newspapers, magazines, decks of cards, etc.
- [Who Was Frederick Douglass?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/slavery/who-was-frederick-douglass/): Frederick Douglass was an African-American man born into slavery who later became an activist, author, speaker, and reformer. He led the abolitionist movement in New York with the intent to put an end to slavery at the time of the Civil War. He became famous for his stand against the prejudice and slave system as a whole and continued to fight for civil rights and equality right up until the time of his death.
- [What Was the Sugar Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-was-the-sugar-act/): The Sugar Act, also known as The Plantation Act, was a law that was brought into effect on April 5, 1764, by the British Parliament.
- [What Was the Tea Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-was-the-tea-act/): The American colonists were always opposed to British legislation regarding the tea trade, and the Tea Act saw them become further entrenched in their position.
- [When Could Black Women Vote?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/when-could-black-women-vote/): The right to vote is a freedom that has developed with amendment after amendment since the days of independence. At first, voting was a privilege for white men. Then came Emancipation and the freedom for black men to vote. Next came women. But were black women a part of that new ruling alongside white women? When did black women get the right to vote, and when was that rightfully realized?
- [When Was Women's Suffrage?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/when-was-womens-suffrage/): The right to vote is one that many American citizens now take for granted. For some demographics, this freedom to vote for election candidates has always been there. Some will decide not to use it over a dislike of politics. But, others had to fight for the right to cast a vote, and, among them, many see it as an opportunity to honor those that earned that freedom.
- [When Did Women Get Rights?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/when-did-women-get-rights/): The fight for equal rights in America is nothing new. Since the Declaration of Independence, some groups have been deemed inferior to others and less deserving of rights. Over time, women have gained many of the rights of men. So, when did women get rights in voting, reproductive choices, and more?
- [What Year Did Segregation End?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/what-year-did-segregation-end/): Racial segregation through Jim Crow Laws is a dark point in American history that ended far too recently. The slaves were freed in 1873, yet black and white Americans were segregated in living memory. Why was there such a gap between emancipation and the end of segregation, and does any form of segregation still exist? What year did segregation end? Segregation in the sense of Jim Crow Laws and the physical separation of races in facilities and services ended in 1964. After almost 100 years of increased tensions and racial inequality, President Lyndon B Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act [&hellip;]
- [Who Assassinated Martin Luther King?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/who-assassinated-martin-luther-king/): On April 4th, 1968, civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis in one of a series of high-profile assassinations in the 1960s. While a conviction was made, there are still questions over who is truly responsible for the crime. Who killed Martin Luther King Jr., and is there any truth to the idea of a conspiracy?
- [Who Made the American Flag?](https://constitutionus.com/misc/who-made-the-american-flag/): The question of who made the American flag sounds like a simple one to answer until you consider the fact that there have been 27 flag designs since 1777. The design has evolved through necessity, and various designers can make their claims. But, two names stand out.
- [When Did America Gain Independence?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/declaration-of-independence/when-did-america-gain-independence/): One of the most celebrated moments in American history is the victory over the British in the War of Independence, which ultimately led to the United States being recognized as a free nation. There is even an annual federal holiday to celebrate that momentous achievement. But, when did America gain independence, and why might the answer be much later than Independence Day?
- [What Started the Vietnam War?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-started-the-vietnam-war/): The Vietnam War is widely considered one of the most controversial ever undertaken by the United States. The nation had formed an alliance with South Vietnam shortly after the Second World War and helped defend them against the threat from North Vietnam. Then, tensions developed into war in the 1950s, and America would later send in troops to fight for the South Vietnamese people. This continued until the United States pulled out in the 1970s, and the capital of South Vietnam finally fell.
- [When Was JFK Shot?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/when-was-jfk-shot/): The assassination of President John F Kennedy remains one of the most shocking moments in 20th-century presidential history. The location of the shooting is well known, but when was JFK shot, when did he die, and what else happened over that weekend?
- [What Is the Legislative Branch?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-is-the-legislative-branch/): American citizens are responsible for the election of many important government officials on both a national and state level. Those who uphold their democratic responsibility to vote will determine the winner of national presidential elections and who sits in the different houses of the Legislative Branch. What is the Legislative Branch, how does it work, and what power does it hold over the Executive Branch?
- [What Is a Self-Pardon?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-a-self-pardon/): The presidential pardon power is an interesting perk of being the leader of the United States. It can be used for good or ill, helping those unjustly dealing with legal matters, or a get out of jail free card for close associates. Presidents have the obligation not to abuse this power, which is why the possibility of a self-pardon is so complex. What is a self-pardon, can a president really excuse themselves of crimes, and has any ever tried?
- [What Was the Espionage Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-was-the-espionage-act/): The idea of spies stealing military secrets and handing them off to foreign enemies isn't just something out of Hollywood movies. There are very real threats to national security, and the United States government seeks to not only deter but prosecute those that reveal classified information in any way. This is why we have the Espionage Act.
- [What Is Citizenship?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/what-is-citizenship/): Having citizenship status forms a bond between the citizen and the state, under which the citizen swears loyalty to state laws, with the state providing protection in return.
- [What Does Militia Mean?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-does-militia-mean/): When you think of the word militia, different feelings and definitions may come to mind depending on your knowledge of history and political leanings. To some, the militia is a positive force on hand to aid the nation in times of conflict. To others, the militia is a group of domestic terrorists with a political agenda. So what does militia mean, and are both of these definitions accurate?
- [Nancy Pelosi Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/nancy-pelosi-net-worth/): A couple of years ago, a political meme stated that Nancy Pelosi was worth 196 million dollars. Fact-checkers have since proved this to be incorrect information.
- [What is the Watergate Scandal?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/what-was-the-watergate-scandal/): Richard Nixon's presidency and legacy were tarnished by a single event and its fallout between 1972 and 1974. He would resign over accusations surrounding the Watergate scandal. The term Watergate is now tied to political corruption and controversy nearly 40 years on. What happened at the Watergate, and how deep was the president's involvement?
- [What Is the Judicial Branch?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-the-judicial-branch/): The government system in the United States sees elected Legislative Branch officials in the houses of Congress create bills and debate issues. In contrast, the elected president in the Executive Branch works with his administration in the White House. However, there is a set of unelected officials in a third branch of the federal government. What is the Judicial Branch, and what is its relationship with Congress and the President of the United States?
- [What Is the Executive Branch?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-the-executive-branch/): The United States Government is a complex system with various elected officials working across different buildings and branches. The Executive Branch sounds like it should be the most important, or at least the most powerful. What is the Executive Branch of the government, who is in charge, and just how much power does it have?
- [When Was Abortion Legalized?](https://constitutionus.com/law/when-was-abortion-legalized/): The issues of abortion and reproductive rights are some of the most controversial in America right now. Pro-life and pro-choice advocates clash over a woman's right to choose and the right of an unborn fetus to live. Everyone has an opinion, but what does the law say about abortion rights?
- [What Does Ratification Mean?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-does-ratification-mean/): When learning about the history of the United States Constitution and its later amendments, we frequently see the term ratification. For these important proposals to become legal, they needed to be ratified. What does this mean, what are the requirements for ratification, and how does this relate to the Constitution and its amendment?
- [When Was the Gettysburg Address?](https://constitutionus.com/war/when-was-gettysburg-address/): The Gettysburg Address was a speech made by President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War and delivered at the official dedication ceremony for the National Cemetery of Gettysburg held in Pennsylvania.
- [When Did the Vietnam War Start?](https://constitutionus.com/war/when-did-vietnam-war-start/): The Vietnam War is famous for its length and the devastating loss of life on all sides. The United States found itself drawn into a conflict between North and South Vietnam during a time when the spread of communism became a significant fear for the west. It felt like a conflict that would never end as president after president took over command and determined the war's course. 
- [What Is Naturalization?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/what-is-naturalization/): Naturalization is the process by which a person who isn't a citizen of a country is granted legal citizenship. It may require an application to be submitted or can be determined by statute, which means it is granted automatically without any action required from the newly made citizen. 
- [Online US Constitution Quiz - 45 Multiple Choice Questions](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/online-us-constitution-quiz-45-multiple-choice-questions/)
- [When Was Trump Impeached?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/when-was-trump-impeached/): President Donald Trump was impeached twice and remains the only person in the history of the American government to be impeached twice.
- [Why Isn’t DC a State?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/why-isnt-dc-a-state/): Washington, DC is one of the most critical parts of the United States, as it is home to the United States government. You'll find the White House, Capitol Hill, the Supreme Court, and many government offices throughout the District of Columbia.
- [What Is a Government Shutdown?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-is-a-government-shutdown/): A government shutdown is an event where the American government's nonessential offices cannot operate due to a lack of funding. Various federally-run operations will stop working during the shutdown, usually because the federal budget has not been approved.
- [Why Impeach a Former President?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/why-impeach-a-former-president/): Former United States President Donald Trump was impeached twice. While the first impeachment occurred while President Trump was in office, the second Senate impeachment trial began after his successor, President Joe Biden, entered the White House. The timing of this trial caused a big stir, both from Donald Trump's advocates in the Republican Party in Congress and from observers on social media. Why impeach a former president, and why not pursue an alternate route to seek justice?
- [Who Owns the Panama Canal?](https://constitutionus.com/economy/who-owns-the-panama-canal/): The Panamanian government owns the Panama Canal. Panama has held control over the canal in Central America since the end of 1999. Before that, the United States maintained the canal, although France had worked on the canal project as well.
- [What Does Habeas Corpus Mean?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/what-does-habeas-corpus-mean/): Habeas Corpus (Latin for 'you have a body') is an important right many probably haven't heard of. Especially since it hasn't been challenged in over twenty years, but it's one of the more important rights that we have in America. 
- [Who Approves Presidential Appointments?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/who-approves-presidential-appointments/): Clause 2, Section 2 of Article II of the United States Constitution is known as the Appointments Clause. This specific part of the Constitution empowers the U.S. President to nominate anyone he or she sees fit to many different departments and positions.
- [Who Was Robert E. Lee?](https://constitutionus.com/war/who-was-robert-e-lee/): During the civil war, Robert E. Lee was the Confederacy's most successful general, securing many victories against the Union. His efforts in the Eastern Theater, particularly in Northern Virginia, helped prolong the Confederate war effort, staving off several larger Union invasion forces.
- [What Is the Hatch Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-the-hatch-act/): After numerous claims that politicians in political office in the United States were using civil service employees to help with congressional election activities, investigations resulted in the creation of the Hatch Act.
- [What Is the Nuremberg Code?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-the-nuremberg-code/): The Nuremberg Code emerged in the wake of the Second World War in response to the horrific medical practices that were carried out on prisoners in concentration camps throughout the Third Reich.
- [What Is a Confederate?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-is-a-confederate/): The Confederate States of America was established on February 8, 1861. It initially consisted of seven southern U.S. states but eventually grew to encompass a total of 11 states shortly thereafter.
- [What Are Unalienable Rights?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/what-are-unalienable-rights/): Enshrined in the Declaration of Independence are a specific set of rights defined as unalienable. These are rights that, no matter what happens, may never be taken away from an individual. Accordingly, they are considered inherited by all people who live within the United States. 
- [What Is a Bicameral Legislature?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-is-a-bicameral-legislature/): Very few countries in this world operate without some form of a legislative branch of government. Roughly 60% of the nations in the world function under what is known as a unicameral legislature. Generally, the rest of the world, including the United States, adopts a bicameral system.
- [What Does Liberty Mean?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/what-does-liberty-mean/): Liberty is considered the ability for anyone to do as they please. It is both a right and immunity that can be enjoyed by an individual either through prescription or granted by another, and it can be broken down into either negative liberty or positive liberty.
- [What Does SCOTUS Mean?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-does-scotus-mean/): Abbreviations or acronyms are commonly used to reference various agencies, branches of government, or officers of the federal government in the United States, and SCOTUS is one of them.
- [What Group of People Was Taken to America and Sold As Slaves?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/group-of-people-taken-to-america-sold-as-slaves/): On August 9, 1526, the first boat carrying African slaves arrived in the New World at Winyah Bay. The institution of slavery predated the founding of the United States of America in 1776, and the treatment of Africans as chattel continued for more than a century afterward.
- [What Are Two Ways That Americans Can Participate in Their Democracy?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/two-ways-that-americans-can-participate-in-democracy/): Ordinary people can play a small or even a large part in changing political outcomes in the United States. While a solitary vote isn't likely to change an election, voting still matters, and a single letter to a member of Congress might be enough initiate a change in law. Simple acts likes writing a letter to a newspaper, might leave you pleasantly surprised when they proceed to publish it. 
- [How Many Justices Are on the Supreme Court?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/how-many-justices-on-supreme-court/): The existence of the Supreme Court of the United States, as it is known today, was the direct result of the Judiciary Act of 1789. Presently, the Supreme Court, also known as SCOTUS, acts as the court of last resort and is considered the head of the federal judicial system. As the court of last resort, its justices review decisions rendered by the lower federal courts.
- [When Is the Last Day You Can Send in Federal Income Tax Forms?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/last-day-you-can-send-federal-income-tax-forms/): Regardless of whether you are a single filer, the head of household, a student, or even an immigrant to the United States, the last day you can send your federal tax forms in is April 15th, the day before Emancipation Day. 
- [Who Signs Bills To Become Laws?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-signs-bills-to-become-laws/): After a bill passes through both chambers of the United States Congress, it will then be presented to the head of the executive branch, the President of the United States, for his approval.
- [Who Vetoes Bills?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-vetoes-bills/): The power to veto bills lies exclusively with the President of the United States. According to Section 7 of Article I of the United States Constitution, the president is given 10 days in which to either sign a bill into law or veto it.
- [Name Your U.S. Representative](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-your-us-representative/): The U.S. House of Representatives is composed of 435 voting members and six non-voting members. Each member represents the people within their congressional district. Because of the sheer number of representatives and the ever-changing borders of the districts, each individual's representative varies drastically.
- [Who Does a U.S. Senator Represent?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-does-us-senator-represent/): Today, a United States Senator represents everyone in their state. But that was not always the case. Rather, this representation is a result of the 17th Amendment. Before the ratification of the 17th Amendment, United States Senators only represented the state government who appointed them to their position.
- [What Is Juneteenth?](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/what-is-juneteenth/): We all love a good federal holiday if it means the chance for a long weekend away from work and to indulge in some fun celebrations. Many of the holidays celebrated each year have been around for a long time. But, there is one that only joined the list in 2021.
- [When Must All Men Register for the Selective Service?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/when-must-men-register-for-selective-service/): To pass the US citizenship test, you will have to answer 10 of a possible 100 questions. The following question is from the USCIS test. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. When must all men register for the Selective Service? Acceptable Answers: at age eighteen (18) between eighteen (18) and [&hellip;]
- [Constitution Quiz: Innocent Until Proven Guilty PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-innocent-until-proven-guilty-pdf/): Click here to download your Innocent Until Proven Guilty Quiz in PDF format. Most people have heard of Innocent until Proven Guilty but are unsure of its origin. Many think that its basis is the United States Constitution, but is that actually true? If you would like to learn more about this phrase, you can go to: Where is Innocent Until Proven Guilty found in the constitution? Or if you would like to download the PDF of this constitution quiz, you can click here.  If you would like to take a quiz online about Innocent Until Proven Guilty, then you [&hellip;]
- [We Elect a U.S. Representative for How Many Years?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/elect-us-representative-how-many-years/): Both representatives and delegates serve two-year terms in the United States Congress. State congressional elections are held every two years, on even-numbered years, roughly 1/3 of the 435 seats are up for reelection at a time. The term for each representative then begins on January 3, the year following the election.
- [Who Is the Chief Justice of the United States Now?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/chief-justice-of-the-united-states-now/): John Roberts is the current Chief Justice of the United States. He began his tenure as the Chief Justice in 2005 and is the seventeenth person to operate as the Chief Justice since the formation of the United States Supreme Court in 1789.
- [Who Makes Federal Laws?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-makes-federal-laws/): The United States is composed of three branches of government. While the judicial branch interprets federal law and the executive branch enforces the law, it is the legislative branch that is responsible for making federal laws. 
- [How Many U.S. Senators Are There?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/how-many-us-senators-are-there/): The composition of the United States Senate is prescribed under the 17th Amendment. This Amendment declares that two Senators shall represent each state within the Union. As there are 50 states in the Union, the United States Senate has 100 members.
- [What Did Susan B. Anthony Do?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-did-susan-b-anthony-do/): Susan Anthony was an activist from an early age and took part in meetings and organizations for various causes. One of the first was for the emancipation cause as a strong advocate against slavery, New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society.
- [Who Lived in America Before the Europeans Arrived?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-lived-in-america-before-europeans-arrived/): The wording for these answers is already questionable, and this is something to consider when preparing an answer. It is also a very simple answer with so many different tribes and communities across North America.
- [What Is the Name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives Now?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-of-speaker-of-house-of-representatives/): California Democrat Nancy Pelosi is the current Speaker of the House of Representatives. She was named Speaker in 2019 and was also the Speaker from 2007 to 2010.
- [Who Is One of Your State's U.S. Senators Right Now?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-is-one-of-your-states-us-senators-right-now/): At the end of this guide, you will find the full list of Senators as things stand with their state and political party. This list will change over time as senators may be replaced in elections. Those elections are staggered, with the senators split into three classes. Once elected, they will remain in office for six years with a two-term limit. Because of this, it is essential to check your current state senators before the test. 
- [How Old Do Citizens Have To Be To Vote for President?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/how-old-do-citizens-have-to-be-to-vote-for-president/): United States citizens must be 18 years of age to vote for the President. People who are 17 years of age but will be 18 on or before Election Day may be allowed to vote in a primary election, although that rule varies by state. The American voting age is consistent with the voting age found in most other countries around the world.
- [Who Is the Governor of Your State Now?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/who-is-the-governor-of-your-state-now/): The answer will depend on where you are in the United States, as each state and territory has its own governor. The list below is correct at the time of writing, but you should check that nothing has changed to ensure the correct answer.
- [Why Do Some States Have More Representatives Than Other States?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/why-do-some-states-have-more-representatives-than-other-states/): The system for allocating numbers of representatives to states relies on data from a census. This census occurs every 10 years to give updated data on population trends. From there, it is easier to determine which states may require the highest number of representatives to best serve them. The last United States census was in 2020, and the figures below reflect the numbers of representatives per state based on that data. These changes will come into effect in 2023.
- [Name One Of The Two Longest Rivers In The United States](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-one-of-two-longest-rivers-in-the-united-states/): The Missouri River begins at Brower's Spring in the Centennial Mountains of Beaverhead Country, Montana. It is named after the man that declared it to be the source of the river in 1896. This declaration was important as it placed the site 100 miles further from St Louis than the source cited by the explorer Meriwether Lewis. 
- [The House of Representatives Has How Many Voting Members?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/house-of-representatives-has-how-many-voting-members/): This answer may surprise many who haven't considered just how many people are needed to represent everyone in the country within the House of Representatives. On the surface, it sounds like a lot. The idea of 435 voters in one federal government building sounds chaotic. On the other hand, just 435 voting representatives speak up for over 300 million people. 
- [What Are Two Rights in the Declaration of Independence?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/what-are-two-rights-in-the-declaration-of-independence/): While not a governing document, the Declaration of Independence, drafted by Founding Fathers John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston, is an important document for America. Namely, it highlights important rights given to not only people in America but also those all around the world.
- [What Is One Responsibility That Is Only for United States Citizens?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/one-responsibility-only-for-united-states-citizens/): Mandatory responsibilities are those that are required of all citizens, potentially by law, where the person has no right to refuse. This is the case for jury duty and other responsibilities mentioned below. Then there are the voluntary ones where it is hoped that all citizens will carry out the duties, but there is nothing to make them do so. This is true for voting rights in a federal election and other civic duties within the community.
- [Name One Right Only for United States Citizens](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/name-one-right-only-for-united-states-citizens/): This is an interesting question that could trip many people up because of the phrasing. It is important to focus on the two answers here and supply one of them. It is all about understanding the difference between rights and freedoms and between the people of the United States and United States citizens.
- [Who Killed Lincoln?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/who-killed-lincoln/): Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, was famously assassinated in the final weeks of the Civil War while attending a play at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. Lincoln is undeniably a towering figure in American history, but the story behind the man who shot him is not as widely known. John Wilkes Booth was the person who killed Lincoln, and because of what he did is also a noteworthy individual in the history of the United States worthy of being understood.
- [What Branch Is Congress?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-branch-is-congress/): It can be really difficult to understand all the moving parts of our government. Unfortunately, it's partially by design. With all of the systems in place to keep our government honest and non-corrupt, it requires a lot of research for someone who isn't a political scholar to understand what each piece does.
- [What Is One Promise You Make When You Become a United States Citizen?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/one-promise-you-make-when-you-become-united-states-citizen/): To pass the US citizenship test, you will have to answer 10 of a possible 100 questions. The following question is from the USCIS test. What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen? Acceptable Answers: give up loyalty to other countries defend the Constitution and laws of the United States obey the laws of the United States serve in the U.S. military (if needed) serve (do important work for) the nation (if needed) be loyal to the United States   The following is a full explanation of the USCIS question: These terms are the simplified [&hellip;]
- [What Was the Boston Massacre?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-was-the-boston-massacre/): Boston was an important city around the time of the American Revolution. Although small by today's standards, there was a large population of patriot colonists growing tired of British rule and loyalists. One event that went down in history as a spark for the revolution was the Boston Massacre. What happened here, and why was it so influential?
- [What Does the FBI Do?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-does-the-fbi-do/): The Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI, is overseen by the United States Department of Justice. While it serves many capacities, the most prominent is its role as the primary federal law enforcement agency. This means that the FBI is in charge of investigating major and/or violent crimes, especially when those crimes cross state lines.
- [Who Can Declare War?](https://constitutionus.com/war/who-can-declare-war/): The United States Constitution asserts that Congress can declare war on other countries. But the United States President also has the option to use military force internationally without receiving a declaration of war. But for this to happen, Congress must agree upon a resolution to allow the President to use such power.
- [What Does Labor Day Celebrate?](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/what-does-labor-day-celebrate/): Origins of Labor Day Labor Day is a known holiday across the United States. Taking place on the first Monday every September, it is considered an annual celebration of American workers&#8217; economic and social achievements. Many are unaware, but this holiday has its roots firmly embedded within the late nineteenth century. This was when labor activists from across the nation began to push and fight for a federal holiday to be created, honoring and recognizing their immense contribution to the state of the country. They viewed themselves as key contributors to the prosperity and strength of the country, not to [&hellip;]
- [What Is a Landmark Case?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-a-landmark-case/): A landmark case is a Supreme Court case that creates precedents that produce new legal concepts or principles. A landmark case will significantly impact how existing laws can be interpreted.
- [What Was Prohibition?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/what-was-prohibition/): The prohibition era was a period of 13 years in which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol were forbidden in the United States. Those in favor of prohibition and the temperance movement wanted to improve society by prohibiting the supply of alcohol.
- [What Day Is Inauguration Day?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-day-is-inauguration-day/): The inauguration is one of the most important dates on the calendar for anyone that serves as president. This is when they finally obtain power, months after winning the election, and can get started on their plans for the nation's future. So what day is Inauguration Day? Has it always been on this date, and why is there such a long interval after the election?
- [What Are Natural Rights?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/what-are-natural-rights/): Natural rights are rights given to every single person in the world. These rights cannot be changed through legislation or due to cultural differences.
- [What Are Expressed Powers?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-are-expressed-powers/): The Expressed Powers (also known as Enumerated Powers) are rights given to Congress to conduct governmental duties. Most of these powers are found in Article 1 Section 8 of the United States Constitution. The Tenth Amendment limits the powers of Congress to those expressed in the Constitution, so these powers (also known as Clauses) are important to the way our Congress functions. 
- [What Are Civil Liberties?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/what-are-civil-liberties/): Civil Liberties are rights granted to us through the constitution. These are rights people have just because they are on United States soil. Many of them come from the Bill of Rights, such as the right to free speech, freedom of religion, etc. Though many of these rights are well known, let's delve a little deeper into the history and the differences between a Civil Liberty and a Civil Right.
- [What Are the Federal Holidays?](https://constitutionus.com/days-of-year/what-are-the-federal-holidays/): Federal holidays are eagerly anticipated days of the year for those who get time off. Those that don't can still find ways to celebrate the occasions in their own way. But what are the federal holidays?
- [Where Does the VP Live?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/where-does-the-vp-live/): The Vice President of the United States lives at Number One Observatory Circle. This is a private residence on the observatory grounds a couple of miles from the White House. The VP is free to live here throughout their term and adapt the residence to their needs - as most have. It is a spacious and secure workspace and family home. 
- [Before He Was President, Eisenhower Was a General. What War Was He In?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/when-president-eisenhower-was-a-general-what-war-was-he-in/): Eisenhower's long history as a military leader and Commander in Chief meant that he was involved in many conflicts. Before taking up the presidency, Eisenhower was an active member of the armed forces and oversaw campaigns in World War II. He had hoped to be more involved in World War I in his younger years but was stationed initially in logistics and then the infantry at various camps in Texas and Georgia. As Commander in Chief, he was responsible for military actions in the Korea War and was in office during the early years of the Cold War. 
- [During the Cold War, What Was the Main Concern of the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/cold-war-main-concern-of-united-states/): While the fear of communism was a driving force throughout the Cold War, there were also concerns about a deeper ideological threat. It wasn't just about capitalism vs. communism and how those ideas might affect the economy on a global scale. 
- [Why Did Nixon Resign?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/why-did-nixon-resign/): The presidency of Richard Nixon is remembered mostly for the Watergate scandal of 1972-74. There was a point where it seemed as though whatever the president had or hadn't done concerning the break-in and suspected cover-up, he would get past it. But, on August 9th, 1974, President Nixon signed a resignation letter, left office, and was replaced by Gerald Ford.
- [Why Was Andrew Johnson Impeached?](https://constitutionus.com/impeachment/why-was-andrew-johnson-impeached/): Andrew Johnson was the 17th president of the United States, rising to that office after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. He was also the first president to be impeached by Congress, though this didn't result in a conviction.
- [What Is the Senate?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-is-the-senate/): The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress. It is a legislative body of 100 members, with two from each state.
- [Who Was Patrick Henry?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/who-was-patrick-henry/): Patrick Henry served as a lawyer, politician, and speaker during the 18th century and was a Founding Father of the United States. He was also popular for twice serving as the Governor of Virginia - from 1776 to 1779 and 1784 to 1786.
- [What Is Censure vs. Impeachment?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-censure-vs-impeachment/): Article I, Section 5, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution grants the congressional bodies the authority to determine the rules of their proceedings and punish members for disobeying them. Censure and impeachment are some of the ways a house can punish its members.
- [The President Checklist: What It Requires to Run the Country](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/requirements-and-qualifications-to-become-us-president/): Anyone who has fulfilled certain requirements can run for office to be the United States President. The 4 Requirements Are: To be a natural-born US citizen. To be a minimum age of 35 years old. To have been a resident of the United States for 14 years. To not have been elected president twice or served more than 10 years in office. So although we may usually end up with a real choice between a Democratic Party Nominee and a Republican Party Nominee, the original field is broad for a presidential election. Academic Qualifications To Become President There are zero [&hellip;]
- [The Federal Status of Marijuana: Is it Legal?](https://constitutionus.com/law/is-weed-federally-legal/): The use and acceptance of marijuana have shifted significantly over the past couple of decades. It has gone from an illicit substance feared by parents and officials to something taken recreationally and even used medicinally for many ailments. 
- [What Do Paralegals Do?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-do-paralegals-do/): According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, paralegals play an assistive role in the legal domain. The areas in which they assist attorneys, clients, and other paralegals run the gamut.
- [What Is the Full Faith and Credit Clause?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-the-full-faith-and-credit-clause/): The term Full Faith and Credit Clause is one that you may have seen mentioned in major Supreme Court rulings. But what is the Full Faith and Credit Clause exactly? What powers does it provide to the courts, and how does it relate to state and family law?
- [How To Check Your Passport Application Status](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/how-to-check-your-passport-application-status/): You can apply and check your application status for your passport via the required United States government website. Here are some important personal details you'll need to have at hand to ensure you can receive your status update.
- [What Is Statutory Law?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-statutory-law/): When administering justice, judges often have to analyze a wide array of "sources of law." The United States legal system has various primary sources of law, such as the United States Constitution, state constitutions, case law, administrative law, and statutes.
- [List of Presidents who owned dogs whilst in office](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/presidents-who-owned-dogs/): A dog is a man&#8217;s best friend, and it seems that it is also a president&#8217;s best friend. The following is a list of presidents who owned dogs while in office (and an alligator!). Most of the dogs lived in the White House. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. George [&hellip;]
- [How To Register a Car in Your State](https://constitutionus.com/law/how-to-register-a-car-in-your-state/): If you've just bought a car, you'll need to register it ASAP. If you don't, you could run into problems getting pulled over and might face certain consequences like getting your license suspended or a hefty fine.
- [Hunter Biden Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/hunter-biden-net-worth/): Hunter Biden is mainly known nowadays for being the second-oldest son of the current United States President, Joe Biden. Alas, his relationship with such an important figure has placed him under the spotlight, especially after the famous laptop controversy broke out.
- [What Is a Solicitor?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-a-solicitor/): The term "solicitor" is not a rigid designator. Even in current legal jargon, the term can have different meanings. In most common law countries, it denotes a type of legal practitioner.
- [Who was Nathan Hale?](https://constitutionus.com/war/which-american-revolutionary-war-figure-was-executed-by-the-british-for-spying/): The American Revolutionary War was a topsy-turvy affair that hung in the balance for long periods of its duration from 1775 to 1783. Among a variety of other factors, including French interventionism and brilliant tactics from leaders like George Washington, the patriotic spy network overseen by George Washington was made up of many courageous individuals that put their lives on the line for the American revolutionary cause.
- [Is a Mandate a Law?](https://constitutionus.com/law/is-a-mandate-a-law/): A mandate is an authoritative command that's applied for a particular circumstance. It can be put in place quickly for it to be easily implemented. Such a formal order calls for a certain action(s) to be carried out for a limited time.
- [How to Safely and Legally Own a Gun in America](https://constitutionus.com/law/how-to-get-a-gun-license-in-the-united-states/): In the United States, firearms safety regulations vary from state to state. Some states require individuals to take a firearms safety course before owning a gun, while others do not have such a requirement. 
- [Is Escorting Legal in the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/law/is-escorting-legal-in-the-united-states/): When one thinks of the term escorting, the word prostitution comes to mind too. Though people often use these terms interchangeably, there are slight differences between them.
- [Is Blackmail a Crime?](https://constitutionus.com/law/is-blackmail-a-crime/): Blackmail is a crime that involves a threat to reveal personal information as a means to coerce a person into doing something. It impedes the victim's free will to behave as they wish. That is why committing blackmail comes with legal consequences for the offender.
- [What Was the Nullification Crisis?](https://constitutionus.com/economy/what-was-the-nullification-crisis/): The Tariff of 1828, also known as the "Tariff of Abominations," divided the country, enraging the southern states who felt they were receiving little protection and all the repercussions from this federal tariff. 
- [Was Jimmy Carter a Good President?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/was-jimmy-carter-a-good-president/): Jimmy Carter's tenure as president (1977 to 1981) was marked by several overarching events that informed his presidency, such as inflation and poor economic performance, the war in Afghanistan, the hostage crisis in Iran that concluded his time as president, and the energy crisis. 
- [What States Require Mandatory Vaccination?](https://constitutionus.com/health/what-states-require-mandatory-vaccination/): In the pre-COVID-19 era, most Americans barely thought twice about the prospect of mandatory vaccination for their kids to enroll in school. It was simply what most of us did with the understanding that plagues and pandemics were a thing of the past.
- [Who Founded Pennsylvania?](https://constitutionus.com/territories/who-founded-pennsylvania/): Pennsylvania is one of the nation&#8217;s oldest and most important states. Who founded Pennsylvania, and where did the Quaker State get its name? While some people associate Pennsylvania with the Revolutionary War, its history goes back far beyond that.  In fact, the British weren&#8217;t the first to even settle the colony. Dutch settlers were in the area first, and before and alongside them were thousands of indigenous people. Let&#8217;s explore the origins of this Keystone State and its role in the founding of the United States of America. Native American and Indigenous Presence While Pennsylvania was officially founded in 1681, [&hellip;]
- [What Is the State of the Union?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-the-state-of-the-union/): The State of the Union is a speech given by the president of the United States that is delivered around the start of the year. The speech is given to a joint session of Congress as an analysis of the country's current state.
- [What Is Involuntary Manslaughter?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-involuntary-manslaughter/): Not all states use the term involuntary manslaughter or include it as an official charge. However, most do and have specific criteria for a person to be liable for this charge.
- [What Does It Mean To Censure a Senator?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-does-it-mean-to-censure-a-senator/): Censuring a senator is the Senate's way of publicly expressing serious disapproval of a member's actions. A censured senator retains their office and associated powers, such as voting rights, and is not subject to any specific penalties after the censure is issued.
- [Was the New Deal a Success?](https://constitutionus.com/economy/was-the-new-deal-a-success/): The Great Depression remains the worst economic crisis in the United States, a prolonged affair that saw widespread unemployment, businesses shut down, homes foreclosed, and American people starving. 
- [What Was the Zimmermann Telegram?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-was-the-zimmermann-telegram/): The Great War, or the First World War, raged for nearly three years before German aggression drew the United States into the conflict. The public yearned for peace and the country, led by President Woodrow Wilson, to remain isolated. 
- [What Were the Alien and Sedition Acts?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-were-the-alien-and-sedition-acts/): A series of four laws passed by the 5th United States Congress in 1798 during John Adam's presidency, the Alien and Sedition Acts were highly controversial laws that infringed upon civil liberties. 
- [Is It Illegal To Burn the American Flag?](https://constitutionus.com/law/is-it-illegal-to-burn-the-american-flag/): Flag desecration, defacing, and burning is not illegal in the United States and it is largely considered to be protected speech according to the First Amendment. 
- [What Is the Filibuster?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-is-the-filibuster/): The filibuster is a procedural strategy used in the United States Senate to preclude a measure from coming to a vote. A filibuster can be used to block legislation, nominations, and other matters. 
- [When Was Gay Marriage Legalized in the US?](https://constitutionus.com/law/when-was-gay-marriage-legalized-in-the-us/): There are always going to be conflicting positions on same-sex marriage. Many fight for the right of all people to marry the one they love, while others oppose it on the grounds of a need for "traditional marriage." It is still a major talking point in political campaigns. 
- [What Was the Dawes Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-was-the-dawes-act/): In 1887 under President Grover Cleveland, the Dawes Act was enacted, giving the federal government the right to break up tribal designated lands. This new law attempted to assimilate Native Americans into the United States society "in the white mold" by encouraging them to farm small plots of land. 
- [What Was the Red Scare?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-was-the-red-scare/): There have been two Red Scares in American history that occurred within 40 years of each other during the 20th century. A Red Scare is a period of heightened anti-communist alarm during which paranoia and mass hysteria are prevalent.
- [Was Roe v. Wade Overturned?](https://constitutionus.com/law/was-roe-v-wade-overturned/): If you looked back over reporting on Roe v. Wade from last summer in the media, you would see the words "abortion ban" following the United States Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade (1973). 
- [What Was the Manhattan Project?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-was-the-manhattan-project/): The Manhattan Project was a secret research project undertaken amid World War II by the United States that used some of the world's premier scientists whose goal was to figure out a way to create an atomic bomb capable of unrivaled destructive force. 
- [What Is a Federal Government?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-a-federal-government/): A federal government or federalist system of governance is a form of government in which two layers of government control the same territory (a country). It is a nation's system for designating power amongst a central government and more localized state and city governments. 
- [What Is Sharia Law?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-sharia-law/): Sharia law is the body of Islamic rules and teachings that govern many Muslims' relationships with the world, including their relationships with their nation, society, and families.
- [Who Was Benedict Arnold?](https://constitutionus.com/war/who-was-benedict-arnold/): Benedict Arnold remains among the most infamous characters in American history. Enigmatic and controversial to this day, his name has become synonymous with treachery and treason and is used as an epithet for anyone displaying signs or characteristics of traitorous behavior. 
- [When Did Hawaii Become a State?](https://constitutionus.com/territories/when-did-hawaii-become-a-state/): The lush, luxurious islands of Hawaii became the United States' 50th state and most recent addition when they were ushered into statehood by Congress and President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1959. 
- [What Does Arson Mean?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-does-arson-mean/): Arson is a term that most of us have a stereotypical viewpoint on. We tend to think of pyromaniacs setting fire to abandoned buildings or people attacking businesses. But, there is more to arson as a criminal act. 
- [What Is Grand Larceny?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-grand-larceny/): In United States law, grand larceny is a felony charge for stealing goods from an individual or business. Grand larceny can be applied to a number of crimes and circumstances, but usually only non-violent or passive thefts.
- [What Was the Lend-Lease Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-was-the-lend-lease-act/): An important act of foreign aid, the Lend-Lease Act allowed the United States to support its allies, namely Great Britain, with war materials such as airplanes, tanks, ammunition, food, and other raw materials while remaining officially neutral during the early stages of World War II. 
- [What Is a Sheriff?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-a-sheriff/): The oft-portrayed movie sheriff has become an iconic figure in Hollywood due to their frequent portrayal in Western films.
- [What Is Felony Murder?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-felony-murder/): The traditional definitions for murder and felony murder are not the same. There's a substantial difference between the two. While all homicides are considered felonies under United States criminal law, some homicides earn a special classification as felony murder, sometimes stylized as felony murder.
- [What Piercings Can You Get at Age 16 Without Parental Consent?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-piercings-can-you-get-at-16-without-parental-consent/): When it comes to piercings and tattoos, minors may need special permission from their parent or guardian before getting one. Even then, some piercings may not be allowed. 
- [Was Hamilton a President?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/was-hamilton-a-president/): Alexander Hamilton, one of America's Founding Fathers, was an extraordinarily influential and important man whose legacy and impact persist today. 
- [What Were the Palmer Raids?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-were-the-palmer-raids/): The Palmer Raids were a series of round-ups that led to wide-scale arrests and deportations conducted by the United States Department of Justice under Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, who was assisted by the future director of the FBI, John Edgar Hoover. 
- [How Long Is a Life Sentence?](https://constitutionus.com/law/how-long-is-a-life-sentence/): This might seem like a simple question to answer. A life sentence is a sentence that lasts for the length of the natural life of a prisoner. However, it is more complicated than that.
- [What Is Bill Clinton's Net Worth?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/what-is-bill-clintons-net-worth/): President Bill Clinton is worth around 80 million dollars, although some sources put this at 90 million dollars or much higher.
- [Where Is Prostitution Legal in the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/law/where-is-prostitution-legal-in-the-us/): Prostitution is illegal in all states of the United States except for Nevada, where it is legal in a few counties. Nevada allows  prostitution, but with restrictions.
- [What Was the Quartering Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-was-the-quartering-act/): The Quartering Act of 1774 was one of the intolerable acts, which were unjust laws that led to the Revolutionary War. The intolerable acts had to do with taxes, trade, justice, and where soldiers were stationed. The Quartering Act was related to keeping British soldiers in colonial cities in peacetime.
- [What Is the Commerce Clause?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-the-commerce-clause/): The Commerce Clause grants the United States Congress power to "regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes" (Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution). 
- [What Is an Inaugural Address?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/what-is-an-inaugural-address/): Presidents of the United States deliver a plethora of speeches during their time in office. One of the most important of them all is the inaugural address. What is an inaugural address? What is the intention of the speech, why is it so significant, and how can the President be sure to get it right? 
- [What Was the Continental Congress?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-was-the-continental-congress/): Simply put, the Continental Congress was a meeting between delegates of the thirteen colonies in response to growing tensions with Great Britain. However, there were two separate congresses between September 1774 and March 1781.
- [Limited Government in the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/limited-government-in-the-constitution/): The United States Constitution is known for establishing a centralized form of government. Yet, it is also known for distributing powers across three federal branches and the states. The Constitution provides a political structure that limits government power.
- [What Started the Revolutionary War?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-started-the-revolutionary-war/): The American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War, was the event that led to America's independence from Great Britain. It began on 19th April 1775 and ended on 3rd September 1783.
- [Bernie Sanders' Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/bernie-sanders-net-worth/): Bernie Sanders has an estimated net worth of $3 million. However, some financial insiders speculate that the veteran senator's assets could total in excess of $5 million.
- [What Is Texas Abortion Law?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-texas-abortion-law/): Laws recently brought into effect deem that abortion in Texas is illegal in nearly every instance. However, one exemption has been accepted in the case of the mother's life being at risk. This is the current stance in Texas after its "trigger law" came into effect on 25th August 2022.
- [What Is an Executive Order?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-an-executive-order/): Executive orders can be a pretty controversial topic. The common idea of the executive order is that the president can make any laws they want without the approval of Congress, but is that true?
- [Who Approves Treaties In the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/law/who-approves-treaties-in-the-united-states/): The United States Senate has the power to approve treaties. The Senate's authority to approve a treaty is based on the Treaty Clause in the United States Constitution.
- [Who Won Marbury v. Madison?](https://constitutionus.com/law/who-won-marbury-v-madison/): Marbury v. Madison was a case heard by the United States Supreme Court, and the decision dates back to February 24th, 1803. With this judgment, the Supreme Court was given the perfect opportunity to speak out on the principle of judicial review, which is the Court's power to declare a certain legislative or executive act unconstitutional. 
- [Arnold Schwarzenegger's Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/arnold-schwarzeneggers-net-worth/): Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger is an Austrian-American actor, former bodybuilder, and member of the Republican Party of the United States who served as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011.
- [Who Ran Against George Washington?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/who-ran-against-george-washington/): George Washington is famous for being the first to take on the position of President of the United States. His accession to the role came after years of debate over how the United States should govern itself as an independent nation. 
- [Who Created the Cotton Gin?](https://constitutionus.com/economy/who-created-the-cotton-gin/): A cotton gin is a mechanical device that separates seeds from cotton fibers. The word "gin" is an abbreviated form of the word "engine."
- [Incitement of Insurrection Meaning](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-incitement-of-insurrection/): In plain English, incitement is spurring on or encouraging someone or a group of people to carry out unlawful behavior. While it's not a crime to encourage someone to do something out of their own free will, incitement would involve the encouragement of criminal acts. That's why there are federal laws against it.
- [Who Controls the National Guard?](https://constitutionus.com/law/who-controls-the-national-guard/): The act of calling in the National Guard means a situation has gotten out of hand. Let's delve into the question of who is in control of the national guard and when they are used.
- [When Did Cuba Gain Independence?](https://constitutionus.com/territories/when-did-cuba-gain-independence/): The relationship between Cuba and the United States is long and complex. Older Americans may still view it as a troublesome neighbor from the Cold War era, while younger Americans may question why American sanctions so restrict the Cuban people. 
- [Who Made the Louisiana Purchase?](https://constitutionus.com/territories/who-made-the-louisiana-purchase/): The Louisiana Purchase was made in 1803 but remains of immense historical importance today. That is, this land sale is one of the most significant land sales of all time, and thus, the United States history and the geographical sphere would have been vastly different if the Louisiana Purchase never took place. 
- [When Was NASA Created?](https://constitutionus.com/war/when-was-nasa-created/): For many Americans, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is one of those national agencies that has been around forever. We have seen images of the first moon landing from 1969 and know that this came after a long period of research and development.
- [Who Was Ruth Bader Ginsburg?](https://constitutionus.com/law/who-was-ruth-bader-ginsburg/): On September 18th, 2020, the world said goodbye to Ruth Bader Ginsburg, a progressive icon that forever left a mark on American history. 
- [Who Was the Tallest President?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/who-is-the-tallest-president/): According to official records, Abraham Lincoln holds the record for being the United States' tallest president. Honest Abe carried a considerable 6'4 frame, meaning it will take a well-built soul to strip the title in the future.
- [What Is Taxation Without Representation?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-taxation-without-representation/): The principle of "no taxation without representation" is of utmost importance within a democratic rule of law.
- [Who Was Thomas Paine?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/who-was-thomas-paine/): Thomas Paine was a British Enlightenment thinker in the 18th century. He was so much more than a philosopher, though.
- [[POLL] Has the president done enough to reduce inflation?](https://constitutionus.com/polls/poll-has-the-president-done-enough-to-reduce-inflation/): Do you think that the government has done enough to keep prices lower?&nbsp; Over the last few years, we have seen massive inflation in the United States. This meant that the prices of everything has gone up, while our savings have become less. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. Covid [&hellip;]
- [[POLL] Respect for Marriage Act Protects Same Sex Marriage](https://constitutionus.com/polls/poll-respect-for-marriage-act-protects-same-sex-marriage/): The Respect for Marriage Act will offer federal protection for same-sex marriage. This means that it will no longer be the responsibility of each state to create its ruling. This will repeal the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act, which only gives recognition to marriage between a man and a woman. Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Please leave this field empty Check your inbox or [&hellip;]
- [When Did the Vietnam War End?](https://constitutionus.com/war/when-and-why-did-the-vietnam-war-end/): It's been almost 67 years since the end of the Vietnam War, but its legacy still looms large in American memory. For many, it was a costly and fruitless conflict that left the United States feeling humiliated. So, when and why did it finally come to an end?
- [What Does "Suspended Indefinitely" Mean?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/what-does-suspended-indefinitely-mean/): Suspended indefinitely means that a person's right to work in the United States has been temporarily halted. 
- [What Case Established Judicial Review?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-case-established-judicial-review/): Marbury v. Madison is one of the most important cases in the history of judicial review in the United States. It limits Congressional power and allows judges to declare legislation unconstitutional. The power of judicial review is not confined to the constitution but has been used to limit the powers of both Congress and the executive branch.
- [What Is the Ku Klux Klan?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/rights/what-is-the-ku-klux-klan/): The Ku Klux Klan, or KKK for brevities sake, is an organization with strong ties to the progression and civil rights victories in the United States. Where there were positive changes in equality for African Americans and minorities, there were also white supremacists committing acts of domestic terrorism and murder.
- [What Does Treaty Mean?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-does-treaty-mean/): In America, the word "treaty" has a special meaning. It's not just a document that two countries sign to formalize their relations. A treaty is a solemn agreement between the United States and another nation, often used to recognize an important relationship or resolve a conflict.
- [What Is a Dissenting Opinion?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-a-dissenting-opinion/): In the United States, a dissenting opinion is a written opinion by one or more judges of a court that disagrees with the court's majority opinion. A dissenting opinion sets forth the minority view and is usually accompanied by a written explanation of the reason for disagreement. A dissenting opinion may be published alongside the majority opinion in a court's official opinion.
- [What Does Repeal Mean In Law?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-does-repealed-mean/): Repealed is a term used when one legislative body officially cancels or annuls a previous law. The official term is "repeal." Under the United States Constitution, repealing laws can be done by Congress through the passage of a bill and then signed by the president.
- [What Ended the Civil War?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-ended-the-civil-war/): The Civil War was a harrowing time of division and bloodshed in the history of the United States. The secession of the Confederate states from the Union led to brutal battles and many lives lost. But what eventually ended the war?
- [What Is a Jury Trial?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-a-jury-trial/): You've watched the news, read about it online, or heard your friends talk about it, jury duty. But what exactly is a jury trial? The truth is that it's not just one thing. A jury trial can be many different things depending on the situation and charges being laid against someone. First of all, let's go over some basic information about jury trials and what they are.
- [What Did Thomas Paine Write?](https://constitutionus.com/additional-documents/what-did-thomas-paine-write/): Thomas Paine was an English-American political figure, activist, and philosopher who was born on February 9th, 1737. 
- [What Is a Designated Survivor?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/what-is-a-designated-survivor/): It's a scary thought, what if the entire government was wiped out in one fell swoop? Thankfully, the people who govern our nation have catered for this eventuality. They have put provisions in place for continuity of government. 
- [What Is a Constitutionalist?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-a-constitutionalist/): The United States of America is a country founded on the principles of freedom and equality. We have come a long way since our founders signed the constitution in 1787, but we must never forget what this country once was and what it can be again if we stay true to our founding principles.&nbsp; What is a constitutionalist? A constitutionalist is someone who believes in the principles of limited government and individual rights. The term is often used to describe someone who wants to adhere strictly to the constitution. It can also be used more generally to describe someone who [&hellip;]
- [What Are Native Americans?](https://constitutionus.com/citizenship/what-are-native-americans/): America is a land of many cultures, but it's also the home of some of the oldest stories in human history. The indigenous people who first populated this continent are the ancestors of today's Native American tribes. They are often referred to as "Native Americans." 
- [Who Is the Constitutional Law Group and What Do They Do?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/the-constitutional-law-group/): The Constitutional Law Group is a volunteer-based organization founded to rise against orders and mandates imposed in governmental laws that they deem unlawful. 
- [How To Cite an Amendment Using APA or MLA](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/how-to-cite-an-amendment-using-apa-or-mla/): One way you can cite an amendment is by using APA style formatting. APA stands for the American Psychological Association and is used when citing references for academic journals and reports.
- [What Is a Constitutional Lawyer?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-a-constitutional-lawyer/): Sooner or later, anyone that knows they want to be a lawyer will find a specific field they wish to specialize in. Some choose to go into business law to play to their strengths, while others see it as an opportunity to make a difference in civil rights or environmental law. Another interesting option is constitutional law.
- [Constitution Quiz: What Is a Constitution? PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-what-is-a-constitution-pdf/): We are all familiar with certain aspects of the United States Constitution such as our right to free speech and bear arms, or what it means to plead the fifth, but what is a Constitution? Test your knowledge on this subject with our quiz.
- [Constitution Quiz: What Is the Three-Fifths Compromise? PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-what-is-the-three-fifths-compromise-pdf/): The Three-Fifths Compromise is an infamous passage in the United States Constitution that ultimately proved to be a temporary measure to bridge the interests of Northern and Southern states. Test your knowledge of the Three-Fifths Compromise by taking our quiz on the subject.
- [Constitution Quiz: The Great Compromise PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-the-great-compromise-pdf/): The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention was a seminal moment in the history of the United States. It helped to deliver a Constitution that has truly stood the test of time. What do you know about The Great Compromise and its impact on the nation? Why not take our quiz to find out! 
- [Constitution Quiz: When and Where Was the US Constitution Written? PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/when-where-us-constitution-written-pdf/): The US Constitution is perhaps one of the most significant Constitutions ever written. It has helped to maintain the Union for over 200 years and set up a system of government with the intent of serving the people, whilst protecting them from tyranny. So, when and where was the US Constitution written?
- [Constitution Quiz: US Citizenship PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-us-citizenship-pdf/): Click here to download your US Citizenship Quiz in PDF format. US Citizenship is undoubtedly one of the most sought after in the world today. The concept of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness espoused in the Declaration of Independence greatly appeals to freedom loving people around the globe. So, how much do you know about US Citizenship? Get Smarter on US News, History, and the Constitution Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. [&hellip;]
- [Constitution Quiz: 14th Amendment PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-14th-amendment-pdf/): The 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution addressed the status of newly freed slaves after the Civil War, automatically granting them citizenship of the United States. It was one of three Reconstruction Amendments introduced after the war.
- [Constitution Quiz: 10th Amendment PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-10th-amendment-pdf/): The 10th Amendment of the United States Constitution is perhaps the most straightforward of all. It states that any powers that aren’t mentioned in the Constitution as belonging to the federal government belong to the states themselves. Test your knowledge on this topic with our quiz.
- [Constitution Quiz: 9th Amendment PDF](https://constitutionus.com/quiz/constitution-quiz-9th-amendment-pdf/): The 9th Amendment of the United States Constitution states that the federal government doesn’t own the rights that are not enumerated in the Constitution. Test your knowledge on this topic with our quiz.
- [2025 U.S. Naturalization Civics Test Questions](https://constitutionus.com/us-naturalization-test/2025-u-s-naturalization-civics-test-questions/): 2025 U.S. Naturalization Civics Test Click here to see more information about the US Naturalization Civics test If you filed your N-400 on or after October 20, 2025, you’ll take this version of the civics test. You will be asked up to 20 questions and must answer at least 12 correctly to pass. 65/20 special consideration: If you are 65+ and have been a lawful permanent resident for 20+ years, you may study only the 20 questions marked with an asterisk (*), and you may take the civics test in the language of your choice. American Government A. Principles of [&hellip;]
- [Article 7 of the Constitution: Meaning and Summary](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/article7-explanation/): Click here to see Article 7 of the US Constitution. Summary of Article 7 Article VII is the final article, which is a single section with about 97 words. It’s the shortest article in the Constitution. You can print it on a business card if you shrink the font small enough. Counting letters only (no spaces), it has fewer than 500 characters. This simple sentence established the threshold for the Constitution&#8217;s adoption and united the thirteen states under one government. It addressed a concern that our Founding Fathers had. The aim of the United States Constitution was that it would stand [&hellip;]
- [Article 6 of the Constitution: Meaning and Summary](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/article6-explanation/): Click here to see Article 6 of the US Constitution. Article 6 is about 177 words. It fits comfortably on half a page in a pocket-sized booklet. If you read it aloud slowly, it lasts about one minute. Article 6 consists of three sections, which collectively assert the supremacy of the Constitution in establishing laws and treaties. Our forefathers were wise in knowing that people would constantly attempt to undermine the Constitution and create exceptions to further their own agenda, even through unconstitutional means. Article 6 avoids any treasonous interpretations.  No state laws should overrule federal laws. Article 6 covers all [&hellip;]
- [Article 4 of the Constitution: Meaning and Summary](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/article4-explanation/): Click here to see Article 4 of the US Constitution. Article 4 has four sections and about 427 words. It is only slightly longer than Article III. If you type it in all caps, it fills about one and a half A4 pages. The article contains the word &#8220;State&#8221; more than 20 times, making it the most repeated word after &#8220;the.&#8221; The United States Constitution is the oldest constitution in the world still in active use. It was written in 1787 and officially ratified in 1788. Article 4 of the Constitution Summary Article 4 of the United States Constitution addresses [&hellip;]
- [Article 3 of the Constitution: Meaning and Summary](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/article3-explanation/): Click here to see Article 3 of the US Constitution. Article III has 3 sections and about 377 words. It is one of the shortest. At average reading speed, it takes less than two minutes to read aloud. The word &#8220;Court&#8221; is capitalized throughout. If you count commas, there are just over 30 of them. Article 3 Summary Article 3 of the US Constitution lays down the framework of the federal government&#8217;s judicial branch and contains three main sections. The sections of Article III are separated into clauses that detail different aspects of judicial power and legal structure and procedure. [&hellip;]
- [Article 2 of the Constitution: Meaning and Summary](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/article2-explanation/): Click here to see Article 2 of the US Constitution. Article II consists of four sections and approximately 1,025 words. It is approximately half the length of Article I. If printed in 12-point Times New Roman, it runs about two and a half pages. The word &#8220;President&#8221; shows up in Article II more than 20 times. Article II establishes the executive branch, which includes the President, Vice President, and other executive officers. Introduction to Article II Article II sets the rules for the federal executive branch, the part of government that carries out and enforces federal law. Article II has [&hellip;]
- [PDF of Federalist Papers - Download and Printable.](https://constitutionus.com/books/pdf-of-federalist-papers-downloadable-and-printable/): Downloadable and Printable Version of the Federalist Papers James Madison, along with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, composed what came to be known as the Federalist Papers. The Federalist Papers were a radical series of thoughts and demands that boldly called for revisions to the Articles of Confederation, printed in newspapers &#8211; most notably in New York state by The Independent Journal and The New York Packet &#8211; for all to read. James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton were key figures in American history and, through their 85 essays in the Federalist Papers, sought to convince the public that the proposed constitution at the [&hellip;]
- [Article 1 of the Constitution: Meaning and Summary](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/article1-explanation/): Click here to see Article 1 of the US Constitution. Article 1 is the first and longest article of the Constitution. It has 10 sections and around 2,268 words. But what is Article 1 of the Constitution? Article 1 deals with the legislative branch. This refers to the United States Congress, which comprises the House of Representatives and the Senate. Article 1 of the Constitution Summary &#8211; The Legislative Branch The Founding Fathers divided the United States Constitution into seven individual articles. These seven articles each laid the foundation for a specific aspect of the American government. For example, Article [&hellip;]
- [Remembering Charlie Kirk, 1993 to 2025](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/remembering-charlie-kirk-1993-to-2025/): Note from editor &#8211; We are deeply sorry to hear of Charlie Kirk’s death. His loss is felt by many who knew him or followed his work. While many did not agree with his views, any death is a tragedy, and the killing of a public figure is also a threat to democracy. The Shooting: Latest Details Time and Location Charlie Kirk was speaking at a Turning Point USA event called the &#8220;American Comeback Tour&#8221; at Utah Valley University in Orem, Utah. About 3,000 people were gathered outdoors in the campus courtyard. The shooting occurred at 12:23 p.m. MDT, about [&hellip;]
- [Full Text of the United States Constitution with All 27 Amendments](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/full-text/): The Preamble to the US Constitution The preamble to the US Constitution starts off with the famous words &#8220;We the People.&#8221;&nbsp; Find out exactly why these words We the People were used in the Constitution and what their significance is. We the People We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article I (Article 1 &#8211; [&hellip;]
- [Free Pocket Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/books/free-pocket-constitution/): Jump the queue United States Constitution &#8211; Free Copy If you would like to jump the queue for your free constitution and just pay postage, please click on the button below. Get your free Constitution → Pay postage only. **Please note, that all constitutions are shipped on a first-come first-served basis. Due to overwhelming demand, there may therefore be a significant delay in receiving your free constitution** There is no need to pay for a pocket constitution book. As you are a fan and supporter of ConstitutionUS.com, we will send you one for free. We even pay your international shipping [&hellip;]
- [2025 Tariff Implications for U.S. Democracy](https://constitutionus.com/economy/2025-tariff-implications-for-u-s-democracy/): Background: Sweeping Tariffs in Early 2025 In early April 2025, the U.S. government under President Donald Trump announced sweeping new tariffs on imports from nearly all major trading partners. Trump touted April 2, 2025, as “Liberation Day” for the American economy while unveiling these reciprocal tariffs, framing them as a long-promised effort to protect U.S. industries. The plan imposed a baseline 10% tariff on all U.S. imports, with much steeper rates on certain countries – for example, Chinese goods face a total levy of over 50%, and imports from the European Union face around 20% tariffs. Canada and Mexico were [&hellip;]
- [Can President Trump Run for a Third Term?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/can-president-trump-run-for-a-third-term/): Imagine it’s 2029, and Donald Trump is about to take the oath of office again. Sounds wild, right? The U.S. Constitution has pretty clear rules that stop anyone from serving more than two terms as president. Can Trump be reelected? In plain English, a third term is basically off the table. But rules can be bent or challenged – at least in theory. In this article, we’ll break down why a third term is illegal under the 22nd Amendment. Then, we’ll look into some creative “what-if” scenarios people have speculated about. We’ll explore constitutional loopholes, far-fetched legal tricks, and even [&hellip;]
- [2025 - United States Involvement in Israel/Palestine/Hamas](https://constitutionus.com/war/2025-united-states-involvement-in-israel-palestine-hamas/): 1. Diplomatic Stance 2. Military Assistance 3. Humanitarian and Evacuation Efforts 4. Diplomacy in the Region 5. Congressional and Public Debates 6. No “Declared War” 7. Summary
- [List of Top 50 Constitutional Lawyers](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/list-of-top-50-constitutional-lawyers/): All of the following are famous constitutional lawyers in the United States (In alphabetical order): Floyd Abrams Known for First Amendment work (e.g., Pentagon Papers). Has defended media organizations like The New York Times and NBC. David Boies Argued landmark cases like Bush v. Gore and fought California’s Prop 8 ban on same-sex marriage. Cofounder of Boies Schiller Flexner LLP. Lisa Blatt Called the “SCOTUS star,” argued over 40 cases before the Supreme Court. Specializes in appellate and constitutional litigation. David Cole National Legal Director of the ACLU. Has argued multiple civil liberties cases in federal courts, focusing on free [&hellip;]
- [Article 5 of the Constitution: Meaning and Summary](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/article5-explanation/)
- [Elon Musk's Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/elon-musks-net-worth/): 1. Historical Net Worth Fluctuations Early 2000s – Foundations of Wealth:Elon Musk’s initial fortune came from his early ventures. In 1999, he earned about $22 million from the sale of Zip2 to Compaq, and in 2002 he netted $175.8 million when PayPal was sold to eBay. He immediately reinvested a large portion of this into new startups – notably founding SpaceX in 2002 with $100 million of his own money and later joining Tesla in 2004. These bold investments left Musk cash-poor by 2008; at one point that year, he had only about $30 million left, as both SpaceX and [&hellip;]
- [Can you guess the most popular US President?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/can-you-guess-the-most-popular-us-president/): Introduction The popularity of U.S. presidents is shaped by various factors, including public opinion, electoral success, historical rankings, and social media presence. While some presidents, like Abraham Lincoln and George Washington, have remained universally admired for centuries, others, such as Ronald Reagan and Barack Obama, have gained strong followings in modern times. This analysis explores different criteria to determine which presidents are considered the most popular, examining their impact across different demographics, historical evaluations, and contemporary digital discussions. Public Opinion Polls (Historical &amp; Recent) Public opinion polls gauge which presidents people admire most or regard as “great.” Different polling questions [&hellip;]
- [(2025) State of Democracy in the United States](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/2025-state-of-democracy-in-the-united-states/): In 2025, the United States finds itself at a critical juncture as it grapples with challenges that test the resilience of its democratic framework. Traditional institutions-long celebrated for ensuring a balance of power, free elections, and a vibrant public discourse-are now under pressure from deep partisan divides, declining public trust, and the pervasive influence of money in politics. This report provides an in-depth exploration of these challenges by examining the current state of U.S. democratic institutions, the integrity of its electoral processes, the health of its media landscape, and the growing societal polarization. Through this analysis, we seek to illuminate [&hellip;]
- [After 2024’s Election: The Twists No One Saw Coming](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/after-2024s-election-the-twists-no-one-saw-coming/): The 2024 US Presidential Election reshaped America’s political landscape, but what does a Republican-controlled Congress mean? With President-elect Donald Trump ready to implement his agenda, critical issues like immigration, healthcare, and economic policy hang in the balance. The potential for Supreme Court appointments adds even greater stakes. How will these changes shape America’s future at home and abroad?
- [The Constitution Could Destroy America or Democracy](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/constitution-destroy-america/): The U.S. Constitution has governed the nation for over 200 years. Ironically, it is the flaws of the constitution itself that may lead to the downfall of America and possibly any democratic nation. This raises pressing questions about representation, fairness, and the future of governance in the United States. The Crisis of U.S. Democracy The United States is experiencing a profound crisis in its democracy. Trust in government has plummeted from 77% in 1964 to a mere 22% today. This dramatic decline raises critical questions about the functionality of the political system, with only 4% of Americans feeling it operates [&hellip;]
- [Trump's Election Victory and Its Implications](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/analyzing_trumps_election_victory/): In this post, we will examine both campaigns, the shifting dynamics within the Democratic Party, and what we can expect in the near future as Trump prepares to lead once again. Introduction to the Election Night Election Night is always filled with excitement and tension. As the votes are counted, people across the country eagerly await the results. This particular night was no different, with millions glued to their screens, hoping to see their candidate declared the winner. The atmosphere was electric, with supporters celebrating and others anxiously biting their nails. The Polling Predictions and Reality Before the election, many [&hellip;]
- [Historical Interpretation of the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/understanding_the_evolution_of_constitutional_interpretation/): The U.S. Constitution serves as the foundational legal document for the United States, yet its interpretation has been a subject of ongoing debate since its inception. This post explores the origins of the Constitution, the historical context in which it was created, and the pivotal moments that shaped its interpretation over time. &nbsp; The Crisis of 1786 The year 1786 marked a pivotal moment in American history. It was a crisis that clearly showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. After the Revolutionary War, states that once fought together began to view each other as rivals.&nbsp; Disputes over commerce [&hellip;]
- [How to Elect the US President](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/decoding_the_us_presidential_election_process/): The election of a president in the United States occurs every four years. During this period, the American people can choose to vote for their party.&nbsp; What are the primaries? It all begins with the primaries. In primaries, each party selects its presidential candidate. The regulations for primaries may vary from state to state. In certain states, anyone can cast a vote; however, in others, only registered party members are permitted to vote. Super Tuesday Another significant day is Super Tuesday. On this day, many states hold their primaries simultaneously. This phenomenon makes it easier to ascertain which candidates are [&hellip;]
- [Why It's So Tough to Amend the Constitution](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/why-its-so-tough-to-amend-the-constitution/): When the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1789, it didn’t just create a government. It also gave the people a way to change the Constitution itself. But here&#8217;s the twist: out of nearly 11,000 proposed amendments, only 27 have made it through. So, why is it so hard to amend the Constitution? The answer lies with its creators. The founders aimed to unify thirteen colonies. They needed to ensure that any agreements made couldn&#8217;t be easily undone.   To propose an amendment, it must first have a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress. Alternatively, two-thirds of state legislatures can [&hellip;]
- [What Happens If a Lawyer Loses a Case](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-happens-if-a-lawyer-loses-a-case/): When a lawyer loses a case, it can have a range of implications for both the lawyer and their client. The most immediate effect is on the client, who may face unfavorable legal outcomes, such as a guilty verdict in a criminal case or a loss of a civil claim. This may lead to financial penalties, incarceration, or other legal sanctions, depending on the nature of the case. For the lawyer, the loss can be a reflection on their professional record, but it doesn&#8217;t necessarily indicate a lack of skill or competence. The legal profession recognizes that not every case [&hellip;]
- [2023 War Between Israel and Hamas Explained](https://constitutionus.com/war/2023-war-between-israel-and-hamas-explained/): Who is Hamas? Identification: Hamas, an acronym for Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyyah (Islamic Resistance Movement), emerged as a Palestinian militant and political entity during the First Intifada in 1987. It encompasses a military faction known as the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. Principal Objectives: Hamas articulates its primary objective as the liberation of Palestine, encompassing present-day Israel, and the establishment of an independent Palestinian state across the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. Terrorist Designation: Israel, the United States, Canada, the European Union, among others, have designated Hamas as a terrorist organization, attributing this status to its extensive history of hostile [&hellip;]
- [When Was the White House Built?](https://constitutionus.com/misc/when-was-the-white-house-built/): The White House is one of the most recognizable buildings within the nation's capital. But this wasn't always the case. The construction of Washington as a new capital meant building a new residential home and central government location.
- [What Was the Homestead Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-was-the-homestead-act/): Few government interventions in United States history inspire as much wistful sentimentalism as the Homestead Act, which in its simplest form was America's "Manifest Destiny" - well, manifest.
- [What Are Full-Time Work Hours in the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-are-full-time-work-hours-in-the-united-states/): The definition of full time work hours in the United States is not defined by law. There is no standard definition of full time work hours because the United States Department of Labor assigns the definition to employers who, in turn, determine their company's policies of what full time work is. 
- [What Vaccines Are Required By Law In the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-vaccines-are-required-by-law-in-the-united-states/): While there are no national laws in the United States surrounding mandatory vaccines for its citizens, all 50 states have mandates for children who wish to enroll in public schools in the interest of public health and disease control. 
- [How to Change Your Last Name](https://constitutionus.com/law/how-to-change-your-last-name/): Changing your name can be a somewhat tedious process that varies depending on your state or county. Some may be able to file a name change within a matter of weeks. Others must file, attend a court hearing, and await the application's approval.
- [When Were the Intolerable Acts?](https://constitutionus.com/law/when-were-the-intolerable-acts/): The Intolerable Acts came about in 1774, in a volatile period in the history of North America. The colonies were at odds with their British rulers and had reached a new height with rebellion in Massachusetts. 
- [What Is Procedural Due Process?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-procedural-due-process/): Procedural due process protects people's right to life, liberty, or property. Under this process, a person who has had their rights taken away must be given prior notice, the right to appeal this decision in court, and an unbiased decision-maker to rule on their case.
- [What Is a Pocket Veto?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/what-is-a-pocket-veto/): This type of veto occurs under very specific circumstances. There are instances when Congress adjourns during the ten-day period that the president is given to review legislation, which is when a pocket veto may occur.
- [Does Federal Law Override State Law?](https://constitutionus.com/law/does-federal-law-override-state-law/): The United States legal system is composed of two basic levels - federal law and state law. Federal laws apply to the entire nation while state laws can only be enforced within state boundaries. 
- [How Did John Wilkes Booth Die?](https://constitutionus.com/misc/how-did-john-wilkes-booth-die/): John Wilkes Booth was shot and fatally wounded on April 26th, 1865. Booth was hiding in a barn on a Virginia farm that was surrounded by federal troops seeking his capture for the assassination of President Lincoln 12 days earlier.
- [Is Verbal Abuse a Crime?](https://constitutionus.com/law/is-verbal-abuse-a-crime/): The answer is no. Verbal abuse is not a crime. You can't be sued for name-calling, yelling, or insulting someone. When you shout, yell, or offend a romantic partner, spouse, child, coworker, or stranger, it's not illegal, and the police won't be able to arrest you with this act alone. 
- [Marco Rubio's Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/the-net-worth-of-marco-rubio-a-comprehensive-analysis/): Marco Rubio, a prominent figure in the American political landscape, has served as a junior United States senator from Florida since 2011. A member of the Republican Party, Rubio rose to national prominence during his 2016 presidential campaign. Though he ultimately did not secure the Republican nomination, his political career continued to thrive. Early Life and Education Born on May 28, 1971, in Miami, Florida, Marco Rubio is the son of Cuban immigrants who sought refuge in the United States. Rubio&#8217;s parents worked hard to provide for their family, with his father employed as a bartender and his mother as [&hellip;]
- [How To Check if a Car Is Stolen for Free](https://constitutionus.com/economy/how-to-check-if-a-car-is-stolen-for-free/): The Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR) reported car thefts in the United States in 2021 at 268.2 cases per 100,000 people. That translates to almost a million cars in total for the year. 
- [What Is the Whip?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/what-is-the-whip-in-politics/): In political systems, a "whip" is not a thing, but a person. Often one of the highest positions within a legislative or parliamentarian body (depending on the form of government), the whip is an assistant to a political party's legislative leader and is responsible for party discipline. 
- [What Is Hammurabi's Code?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-hammurabis-code/): Hammurabi's Code is one of the oldest documents ever discovered. Hammurabi, the sixth Amorite king of the Old Babylonian Empire, compiled hundreds of laws into one model legal code to be used for the kingdom. 
- [All about the State of Alaska](https://constitutionus.com/territories/all-about-the-state-of-alaska/): Alaska &#8211; the &#8220;Last Frontier&#8221; of America! Home to glaciers, wild animals, and breathtaking scenery, Alaska is an incredible place. From its vibrant cities to its stunning natural wonders, there&#8217;s something for everyone in this beautiful state. Whether you&#8217;re looking for outdoor adventure or a chance to relax amidst nature, Alaska has it all.  Alaska also boasts some truly remarkable wildlife experiences – bald eagles soar through the sky while moose wander around on land; humpback whales swim in icy blue waters while sea otters frolic along shorelines. With five national parks and sixteen wildlife refuges, visitors can easily spot [&hellip;]
- [What Did the Pentagon Papers Reveal?](https://constitutionus.com/war/what-did-the-pentagon-papers-reveal/): The Pentagon Papers consisted of a Department of Defense history of the political and military involvement of the United States in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. 
- [How to Contact the United States President](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/how-to-contact-the-united-states-president/): There are several ways to contact the President of the United States: Write a letter: You can send a letter to President Trump at The White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20500. However, all mail is subject to security screening, and response times vary. Email: You can send a message to the White House by using the official contact form on the White House website, but there is no direct email address for the President. Call: You can call the White House switchboard at (202) 456-1414, but direct messages to the President are not accepted. Instead, staff members [&hellip;]
- [What Is the Difference Between Assault and Battery?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-the-difference-between-assault-and-battery/): Although related, assault and battery are possibly the most confusing offenses of all criminal charges. 
- [All about Alabama](https://constitutionus.com/territories/all-about-alabama/): Alabama&#8217;s Rich History and Culture Alabama is a place with an incredibly rich history and culture that has been shaped by those who have lived here since time immemorial. From the Native American tribes to the pioneers, from cotton farmers to civil rights activists, this land has seen it all. The Early Inhabitants of Alabama The first settlers in what would come to be known as Alabama were some of America&#8217;s earliest inhabitants: Native American tribes including Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek, and Chickasaw. They established their presence in the area long before Europeans arrived on these shores. As explorers ventured further [&hellip;]
- [All about the State of South Dakota](https://constitutionus.com/territories/all-about-the-state-of-south-dakota/): From its rolling hills and mountains to its diverse wildlife, there&#8217;s something for everyone in South Dakota. South Dakota&#8217;s Natural Beauty The state of South Dakota is unbelievably vast and breathtakingly beautiful. Its rugged terrain stretches on for miles, with rolling hills and majestic mountain peaks as far as the eye can see. The western part of the state is home to Badlands National Park, a unique landscape that has been shaped by wind, rain, and time over millions of years. To the east lies Custer State Park, where you&#8217;ll find some of America&#8217;s most spectacular wildlife &#8211; including bison, [&hellip;]
- [All About The State of North Dakota](https://constitutionus.com/territories/all-about-the-state-of-north-dakota/): Explore the Natural Beauty of North Dakota North Dakota is an amazing state with plenty of opportunities for adventure and exploration. From its vast prairies to its stunning mountains, North Dakota has something special waiting around every corner. The Badlands are some of the most breathtaking sites in the Midwest, while Theodore Roosevelt National Park offers visitors miles of trails through lush grassland and badlands scenery. And let&#8217;s not forget about Lake Sakakawea and the Missouri River – these two bodies offer endless recreational opportunities like boating, fishing, swimming, and more. So whether you&#8217;re an outdoor enthusiast or just looking [&hellip;]
- [Who Wrote the Pledge of Allegiance?](https://constitutionus.com/misc/who-wrote-the-pledge-of-allegiance/): The Pledge of Allegiance is attributed to a preacher named Francis Julius Bellamy, who wrote the original pledge in 1892. However, Frank Bellamy's pledge differs from the one that we recite today. Over time, other parties and activists fought to alter the text to better represent the nation and its values.
- [When Was the Gilded Age?](https://constitutionus.com/economy/when-was-the-gilded-age/): The Gilded Age is generally referred to in American history as the period from the mid-1870s to the late 1890s. It is distinct from the Antebellum Period (1812-1861) and Reconstruction Era, which occurred in the Southern United States from 1865 to 1877.
- [Joe Biden's Student Loan Plan](https://constitutionus.com/economy/joe-bidens-student-loan-plan/): The student loan crisis has been a pressing issue for decades and continues to be a subject of debate. As the cost of college tuition rises, more students take on loans in order to finance their education. In response to this growing concern, Joe Biden has proposed a comprehensive plan to address the student loan burden. The first component of this proposal is the elimination of undergraduate tuition fees at public universities across the country. The plan seeks to make all four-year programs free by providing grants and other forms of assistance to cover the costs associated with college attendance. [&hellip;]
- [The Innocence Project](https://constitutionus.com/law/the-innocence-project/): Overview of The Innocence Project&#8217;s Efforts The Innocence Project is a nonprofit legal organization dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted individuals through DNA testing, and reforming the criminal justice system. Since its establishment in 1992, the organization has played an instrumental role in freeing more than 375 innocent people. Wrongful Convictions and The Innocence Project&#8217;s Mission Wrongful convictions are a major problem in the US criminal justice system, and The Innocence Project estimates that thousands of people may be wrongfully convicted each year and imprisoned for crimes they didn’t commit. The organization strives to uncover wrongdoing within police departments, jails, prisons, [&hellip;]
- [Why Did the United States Enter WW2?](https://constitutionus.com/war/why-did-the-united-states-enter-ww2/): There were four main reasons why the United States ultimately chose to enter WW2 as an active combatant, as well as a multitude of contributing reasons which came together to spur the sleeping giant into action.
- [What Is the Good Samaritan Law?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-the-good-samaritan-law/): The Good Samaritan Law protects people who provide assistance in an emergency from civil liabilities if their acts cause further harm to the person in need. This law was enacted in 1975, with several additions and variations over the years. 
- [Are Brothels Legal in the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/law/are-brothels-legal-in-the-united-states/): Prostitution laws in the United States are complex, with different laws relating to brothels, street prostitution, and escort services. These can also vary between both state laws and county restrictions. Because of this, brothels are currently only legal in select areas of Nevada.
- [Why Was Bobby Kennedy Buried At Night?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/why-was-bobby-kennedy-buried-at-night/): The night-time burial of Robert Kennedy was an unusual and unplanned ceremony. The graveside service should have happened earlier in the evening but was delayed due to a series of unforeseen events following his funeral. These events led to last-minute alternations and a candlelight service.
- [What Are the Four Legal Reasons for Impeachment?](https://constitutionus.com/impeachment/what-are-the-four-legal-reasons-for-impeachment/): Given the publicity surrounding the impeachment trials of Bill Clinton and Donald Trump, one could be forgiven for thinking that this process is reserved solely for the highest office in the land. Impeachment doesn't just apply to the president, however, but to all civil servants of the United States.
- [What Did Julian Assange Do to the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-did-julian-assange-do-to-the-united-states/): Julian Assange has been indicted on 17 charges of espionage and one charge of computer misuse over the publication of thousands of military and diplomatic documents on Wikileaks that were leaked by whistleblower Chelsea Manning.
- [Mitch McConnell's Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/mitch-mcconnells-net-worth/): Mitch McConnell has built a fortune over the course of political career and now boasts a net worth of around $54 million.
- [Why Are Sawed-Off Shotguns Illegal?](https://constitutionus.com/law/why-are-sawed-off-shotguns-illegal/): A sawed-off shotgun is a shotgun with a short barrel. Whereas a standard shotgun will have a barrel length of about 24 to 32 inches, a sawed-off shotgun typically has a much shorter barrel at about 18 inches. The overall length of the shotgun will also be less than 26 inches.
- [How the New Deal Changed America](https://constitutionus.com/economy/what-was-the-new-deal/): Most in the United States remember the effects of the Great Recession today. From 2007 to 2009, the global market underwent a rapid decline. Few alive, however, recall the Great Depression of 1929 to 1939.
- [Why Did the United States Enter WWI?](https://constitutionus.com/war/why-did-the-united-states-enter-wwi/): When World War I broke out across Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson, proclaimed American neutrality and was widely supported for doing so. However, public opinion in the United States changed after 128 American passengers lost their lives on the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania when a German U-boat sank it off the coast of Ireland in 1915.
- [What Is Tort Law with Examples](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-tort-law-in-the-united-states/): Tort law is a specific section or branch of law within the United States. This section of law deals with and adequately covers most civil litigation suits. 
- [What Is an Adjudicator?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-an-adjudicator/): An adjudicator presides over and offers judgment in a formal dispute. Their decisions are legally binding but may be appealed to a higher court. 
- [What Does Patent Pending Mean?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-does-patent-pending-mean/): The term "patent pending" denotes a temporary status granted to a product or process in the preliminary stages of a full patent application. 
- [Is Prank Calling Illegal?](https://constitutionus.com/law/is-prank-calling-illegal/): Most people don't see an issue with a harmless prank call, whether it's to your favorite local restaurant, another business, or a classmate. Unfortunately, many people don't realize that prank calls can be more harmful than you think.
- [New Jersey's Abortion Laws: A Closer Look](https://constitutionus.com/law/current-new-jersey-abortion-laws/): In 2022, New Jersey put its commitment to abortion rights in writing by passing a law that ensures it remains legal in the state. 
- [New Jersey Takes Aim at Gun Control Regulations](https://constitutionus.com/law/current-new-jersey-gun-laws/): New Jersey has recently taken the initiative to update and revise its gun laws. Despite a backlash from opponents, the Garden State has placed greater emphasis on gun safety and regulations surrounding owning a firearm. 
- [Why does the US have hunting laws?](https://constitutionus.com/law/why-are-hunting-regulations-passed/): There are several reasons why hunting regulations are passed, with many laws relating to hunting seasons, locations, and weaponry. It is also important to limit hunts to protect wildlife populations and prevent a tipping point or environmental damage. From there, there are also considerations over the protection of people and property.
- [Understand the Charges of Second Degree Manslaughter](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-second-degree-manslaughter/): As a rule of thumb, individuals can only be penalized for actions they seemingly intended to commit. However, depending on the gravity of the consequences, they can be held liable even if there was no intent to cause the event or the intent was to produce a different result.
- [The Senate: Who's Calling the Shots?](https://constitutionus.com/congress/who-controls-the-senate/): The political party that has the most seats in the United States Senate is the one that controls this chamber of Congress. As of January 2023, the Democratic Party has control over the Senate. 
- [Current Ohio Abortion Laws](https://constitutionus.com/law/current-ohio-abortion-laws/): The overturning of Roe v. Wade on June 24, 2022, symbolized a stark departure from a tradition spanning 50 years of abortion rights protection in the United States. 
- [Current Ohio Gun Laws](https://constitutionus.com/law/current-ohio-gun-laws/): Ohio is a traditional open carry state and is considered relatively gun friendly. Here are the most relevant details people should know when they are in The Buckeye State, whether as a visitor or an Ohio resident, regarding current Ohio gun laws.
- [Who Is America at War With Right Now?](https://constitutionus.com/war/who-is-america-at-war-with-right-now/): America has seen its fair share of wars over the past centuries. The most famous include the War of Independence, World War I, and World War II, but many still remember the fighting and aftermath of the Korean War and Vietnam War. We tend to think of the conflicts in the Middle East as the last American wars, but who is America at war with right now?
- [What Is the Baker Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-the-baker-act/): The Baker Act is commonly referred to in the media. However, few people know that this act originated from and exclusively belongs to Florida. Despite this, many states adopted similar laws to this Florida statute due to its extensive role in public health and protecting individuals with mental illness.
- [What Is a Writ of Certiorari?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-a-writ-of-certiorari/): A writ of certiorari is one of the writs that higher courts can issue. Writs of certiorari are rare, as supreme courts typically utilize them on the state or federal level. 
- [Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Net Worth](https://constitutionus.com/congress/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-net-worth/): Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez comes from humble beginnings, having started with very little money. Before becoming a member of Congress, she worked as a bartender while attending college at Boston University. Despite limited income, Alexandria was able to save enough money to begin investing in stocks and real estate before eventually launching her own business ventures. What is Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez&#8217;s Net Worth? Her current net worth is estimated at approximately $2-$3 million dollars.&nbsp; About Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is a politician, activist, and educator who has been making waves in the United States. As one of the youngest members of Congress ever [&hellip;]
- [Why Did the Supreme Court Rule Against Tennessee in Baker v. Carr?](https://constitutionus.com/law/why-did-the-supreme-court-rule-against-tennessee-in-baker-v-carr/): The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was one of the most impactful amendments in the nation's political history. It addressed the questions of equal protection under the law and citizenship rights.
- [Is Mandatory Overtime Legal?](https://constitutionus.com/law/is-mandatory-overtime-legal/): Employers sometimes demand that their workers work overtime hours that are much longer than normally required to complete a project. Is this legal? Can your employer dismiss you for refusing to work overtime?
- [Top Constitutional Lawyers In The United States](https://constitutionus.com/law/top-constitutional-lawyers-in-the-united-states/): The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the land. This list includes top constitutional lawyers dedicated to upholding and interpreting the US Constitution, as well as those who have made significant achievements in their field. From Supreme Court justices to well-known advocates, these individuals have all worked hard to advance the rights enshrined in our nation&#8217;s founding document. Ruth Bader Ginsburg (Deceased) Ruth Bader Ginsburg has been a prominent figure in the United States legal system for decades. She is one of the top constitutional lawyers in the US and has been instrumental in advancing gender equality rights. [&hellip;]
- [What Is the Romeo and Juliet Law?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-the-romeo-and-juliet-law/): The age of consent in the United States varies by state, varying from sixteen to eighteen years. Age of consent laws are designed to ensure men and women go through puberty before they can engage in sexual activity.
- [Joe Biden's Views Expressed Through Quotes](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/joe-biden-quotes/): No matter what your opinion is on politics or Joe Biden himself, there is no denying that he has some incredible words of wisdom that everyone can learn from. So take a look at this collection of amazing Joe Biden quotes and prepare to be inspired! Joe Biden On Leadership One of Biden&#8217;s most oft-quoted lines on the subject of leadership is &#8220;If you don&#8217;t lead, no one else will.&#8221; This succinct statement captures the essence of what it means to be a successful leader: you must take charge and assume responsibility if you want your team or organization to [&hellip;]
- [Current California Gun Laws](https://constitutionus.com/law/current-california-gun-laws/): California's current gun laws state that a person must be at least 21 years of age to purchase a gun. Although, a rifle or shotgun can be bought at the age of 18. 
- [What Event Prompted the First Income Tax in the United States?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-event-prompted-the-first-income-tax-in-the-united-states/): According to the legendary saying, death and taxes are the only certain things in life. However, while taxation always existed in some shape or form, the United States Federal tax system we know today was designed relatively recently and in the most convoluted circumstances.
- [Is Separation of Church and State in the Constitution?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/is-separation-of-church-and-state-in-the-constitution/): The diverse make-up of America allows for people of many faiths and backgrounds, and there is no official religion. Instead, there is the notion that there should be a distinct separation of church and state to accommodate everyone. However, this is open to debate, and some practices are questionable.
- [What Is Original Jurisdiction?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-original-jurisdiction/): The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and has what is known as "original jurisdiction," as stipulated by Article III, section 2, of the United States Constitution.
- [What Is the Equal Protection Clause?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/amendments/what-is-the-equal-protection-clause/): The United States is a nation that prides itself on being a land of freedom and opportunity for all people. Yet, many times, minorities have had to fight for their rights.     The Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment should allow for equality for all, so what is the Equal Protection Clause, and how has it helped Americans?
- [Updated information about states](https://constitutionus.com/territories/updated-information-about-states/): Alabama All about AlabamaAlabama State ConstitutionAlabama Gun Control LawsAlabama Abortion Laws Alaska Alaska State ConstitutionAlaska Gun Control LawsAlaska Abortion Laws Arizona Arizona State ConstitutionArizona Gun Control LawsArizona Abortion LawsMiranda vs. Arizona Case Arkansas Arkansas State ConstitutionArkansas Gun Control LawsArkansas Abortion Laws California California State ConstitutionCalifornia Gun Control LawsCalifornia Abortion Laws Colorado Colorado State ConstitutionColorado Gun Control LawsColorado Abortion Laws Connecticut Connecticut State ConstitutionConnecticut Gun Control LawsConnecticut Abortion Laws Delaware Delaware State ConstitutionDelaware Gun Control LawsDelaware Abortion Laws Florida Florida State ConstitutionFlorida Gun Control LawsFlorida Abortion Laws Georgia Georgia State ConstitutionGeorgia Gun Control LawsGeorgia Abortion Laws Hawaii Hawaii State ConstitutionHawaii Gun [&hellip;]
- [What Is a Novation?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-a-novation/): If you're new to the world of contracts and agreements, you might have heard of the term novation or the phrase "novating contracts." So, what is a novation? Furthermore, what does it mean when you're novating a contract?
- [Current Wyoming Abortion Laws](https://constitutionus.com/law/current-wyoming-abortion-laws/): Wyoming law generally prohibits abortion at viability except when it is necessary to protect the pregnant woman's life or health. This means that an abortion cannot be performed after viability unless it is required for a pregnant woman's physical or mental health.
- [Current Wyoming Gun Laws](https://constitutionus.com/law/current-wyoming-gun-laws/): Wyoming is a state that has a long and proud history of upholding and protecting its citizens' rights. As such, this brief overview will explore the current gun laws in Wyoming, including their scope and enforcement.
- [What Does DBA Mean?](https://constitutionus.com/economy/what-does-dba-mean/): The acronym DBA stands for "doing business as." This is a commonly used legal distinction by many businesses.
- [What Is Anecdotal Evidence?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-anecdotal-evidence/): Making an argument or a case is a challenging task. It requires critical and rational thinking, patience, and knowledge of fallacies to avoid them. Anecdotal evidence is one of the most common fallacies. But what is anecdotal evidence, exactly?
- [Who Was Thurgood Marshall?](https://constitutionus.com/presidents/important-roles/who-was-thurgood-marshall/): Thurgood Marshal was a civil rights lawyer who used the judicial system to undo Jim Crow laws and segregation in the United States and became the first African-American Supreme Court justice.
- [How To Copyright Something](https://constitutionus.com/law/how-to-copyright-something/): A copyright is an exclusive right to an original piece of intellectual property. It's a right that begins when the original work is fixed in one way or another. And it bestows upon the creator of the original work the right to reproduce, distribute, and transfer copyright ownership to another.
- [What Is Selective Incorporation?](https://constitutionus.com/constitution/what-is-selective-incorporation/): Selective incorporation is the doctrine describing how the Bill of Rights imposes some limitations on the federal government and are also applied to states. 
- [What Is a Police Citation?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-is-a-police-citation/): A citation is a written explanation that you have broken the law and must face the appropriate consequences. Usually, in the United States, people receive citations for breaking a traffic law. For instance, an officer could pull you over and issue you a citation if you failed to stop for a stop sign.
- [What Was the Indian Removal Act?](https://constitutionus.com/law/what-was-the-indian-removal-act/): The Indian Removal Act of 1830 remains one of the United States' most controversial pieces of legislation. This act was responsible for the Trail of Tears, a forced removal of Native American people to a designated territory so that their land could be annexed into the United States. 
- [Why France gave US the Statue of Liberty?](https://constitutionus.com/democracy/why-did-france-give-us-the-statue-of-liberty/): On the 4th of July 1884, the colossal neoclassical sculpture "Liberty Enlightening the World," later dubbed the "Statue of Liberty," was gifted to the people of the United States by the people of France. 

## Pages

- [Thank you for your purchase!](https://constitutionus.com/thank-you-for-your-purchase/): Special Gift Offer Choose Your $9.99 Collectible Gift Pick one of these limited-edition collectibles for only $9.99 — shipping included. Constitution Preamble Tin Sign Metal sign featuring the U.S. Constitution preamble. 14&#215;20 cm size. Get it for $9.99 → Includes shipping. Liberty 1933 Gold Copy Coin Replica of the 1933 Double Eagle gold coin featuring “In God We Trust.” Get it for $9.99 → Includes shipping. White House 250th Coin Commemorative coin marking 250 years of U.S. independence and the White House legacy. Get it for $9.99 → Includes shipping.
- [Your Request Has Been Received!](https://constitutionus.com/your-request-has-been-received/): Jump the queue United States Constitution — Free Copy If you would like to jump the queue for your free constitution and just pay postage, please click on the button below. Get your free Constitution → Pay postage only. Special Gift Offer Choose Your $9.99 Collectible Gift Pick one of these limited-edition collectibles for only $9.99 — shipping included. Constitution Preamble Tin Sign Metal sign featuring the U.S. Constitution preamble. 14&#215;20 cm size. Get it for $9.99 → Includes shipping. Liberty 1933 Gold Copy Coin Replica of the 1933 Double Eagle gold coin featuring “In God We Trust.” Get it [&hellip;]
- [Random Post](https://constitutionus.com/random-post/)
- [Refund and Returns Policy](https://constitutionus.com/refund_returns/): Overview Our refund and returns policy lasts 30 days. If 30 days have passed since your purchase, we can’t offer you a full refund or exchange. To be eligible for a return, your item must be unused and in the same condition that you received it. It must also be in the original packaging. Several types of goods are exempt from being returned. Perishable goods such as food, flowers, newspapers or magazines cannot be returned. We also do not accept products that are intimate or sanitary goods, hazardous materials, or flammable liquids or gases. Additional non-returnable items: To complete your [&hellip;]
- [Edward Savey](https://constitutionus.com/edward-savey/): Edward Savey holds a Bachelor&#8217;s degree in Political Science from the University of Georgia and a Master&#8217;s degree in Public Administration with a focus on constitutional law from Georgetown University. A dedicated student of American history, he gained invaluable experience interning at a non-profit organization advocating for constitutional rights. After years of research and practical experience, he launched constitutionUS.com as its editor, striving to make complex constitutional topics accessible to the public. In his personal life, Edward is a proud father of two and enjoys exploring national parks with his family, fostering a deep appreciation for nature and American history. [&hellip;]
- [Alicia Reynolds](https://constitutionus.com/alicia-reynolds/): Alicia Reynolds holds a Bachelor&#8217;s degree in History from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Master&#8217;s degree in American Studies from Columbia University. As a fervent advocate for civic education, she has dedicated her career to promoting a deeper understanding of the US Constitution and its impact on contemporary society. Alicia is a keen writer and consultant for ConstitutionUS.com, creating engaging content that demystifies complex constitutional concepts for a wide audience. Outside of her professional life, Alicia is a dedicated volunteer for a local animal shelter and a passionate supporter of environmental conservation initiatives. She enjoys spending her free [&hellip;]
- [Sitemap](https://constitutionus.com/sitemap/): [htmlmap]
- [About Us](https://constitutionus.com/about-us/): Who are we? ConstitutionUS.com is one of the leading educational websites on the internet when it comes to US Politics and more specifically the United States Constitution. We started off over 15 years ago with one page and now have well over 500 pages dealing with every area of the United States Constitution and History and Knowledge. Just in the last year, our traffic has increased dramatically, and we now receive hundreds of thousands of visitors every month. Our Team Alicia Reynolds Alicia Reynolds holds a Bachelor&#8217;s degree in History from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Master&#8217;s degree [&hellip;]
- [Affiliate Disclosure](https://constitutionus.com/affiliate-disclosure/): DISCLAIMER Last updated September 12, 2022 WEBSITE DISCLAIMER The information provided by Shaffer Enterprises and Marketing Ltd. (&#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221; or &#8220;our&#8221;) on https://constitutionus.com (the &#8220;Site&#8221;) is for general informational purposes only. All information on the Site is provided in good faith, however we make no representation or warranty of any kind, express or implied, regarding the accuracy, adequacy, validity, reliability, availability, or completeness of any information on the Site. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL WE HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF THE SITE OR RELIANCE ON [&hellip;]
- [Contact Us](https://constitutionus.com/contact-us/):   We are always happy to hear from our readers. How to Contact Us: There are four ways to contact us. The first is by using the form below. The second is by emailing webmaster (at) constitutionus.com, and the third is to leave a comment on the post that you are referring to. The 4th is by phone:  ☎️ (803) 302-3545
- [US Constitution Full Text with Easy Explanations](https://constitutionus.com/): Full Text of the US Constitution with Easy Explanations Read and Learn About the United States Constitution Read Online United States Constitution &#8211; Full Text Browse Articles I–VII and all 27 Amendments with headings, search, and cross-links. Read the Constitution online → Free PDF United States Constitution — Printable PDF High-quality, paginated PDF including the Bill of Rights and all amendments. Download the Constitution PDF → Free Shipping Receive Your Free United States Pocket Constitution There is no need to pay for a pocket constitution book. As a supporter of ConstitutionUS.com, we will send you one for free. Free Pocket [&hellip;]
- [Privacy Policy](https://constitutionus.com/privacy-policy/): Privacy Policy &nbsp; Who we are Our website address is: https://constitutionus.com. What personal data we collect and why we collect it Comments When visitors leave comments on the site we collect the data shown in the comments form, and also the visitor’s IP address and browser user agent string to help spam detection. An anonymized string created from your email address (also called a hash) may be provided to the Gravatar service to see if you are using it. The Gravatar service privacy policy is available here: https://automattic.com/privacy/. After approval of your comment, your profile picture is visible to the [&hellip;]


[comment]: # (Generated by Hostinger Tools Plugin)