Current Ohio Abortion Laws

Ohio inscription
Abortion is currently legal in Ohio.
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Abortion is legal in Ohio, although there are some restrictions in place in the state surrounding abortion access and ongoing legal challenges following the overturning of Roe v. Wade by the Supreme Court of the United States.

Roe v. Wade

The overturning of Roe v. Wade on June 24, 2022, symbolized a stark departure from a tradition spanning 50 years of abortion rights protection in the United States. 

While the United States Supreme Court did not outright ban abortion nationwide through its ruling, it granted the states ample power to do so.

Rally for abortion
The overturning of Roe v. Wade was met with ire in certain quarters.

In the aftermath of the controversial ruling, nine states had already started implementing their respective abortion bans.

Abortion in Ohio

Ohio, for its part, did not establish a complete ban, but the Ohio legislature still retained some abortion restrictions.

Pro-choice placard
Abortion remains an extremely divisive issue in the United States.

At the time of writing, Ohio abortion law grants Ohioan women abortion rights up to 22 weeks gestation, at least in most cities (more on this later). 

Yet, this gestational limit is still under dispute between the Ohio legislature and the courts.

“Heartbeat” Bill

An Ohio law was indeed passed (Senate Bill 23), which banned abortions from six weeks of gestation onwards, that is, the moment when it’s believed that fetal heartbeat activity is first detected (the bill went under the moniker of “heartbeat bill” for this reason.)

Fetal heartbeat
Senate Bill 23 banned abortions after the presence of a fetal heartbeat.

This meant that, for practical purposes, an abortion ban was in place as, at that stage, the average woman would unlikely be aware of their pregnancy.

Gov. Mike DeWine signed the bill in April 2019, but a federal court blocked it until the United States Supreme Court granted Ohio lawmakers authority to enforce this state law through the Dobbs v. JWHO decision. 

Judge Michael R. Barret lifted the preliminary injunction precluding state officials from carrying out the law against abortion providers.

Supreme Court protest
The United States Supreme Court.

Sometime after, the law was blocked again, this time by the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas, on October 7, 2022. 

The local court ordered another preliminary injunction preventing the abortion law from being enforced. Hence, the prior 22-week rule will remain in effect while litigation is underway.

Local Bans

Currently, Lebanon is the only city in Ohio still with an abortion ban in force (which is why it’s often deemed a “Sanctuary City for the Unborn”).

infant
Lebanon is seen as a “Sanctuary City for the Unborn.”

In May 2021, Lebanon’s city council approved the ordinance banning abortion in the city and penalizing clinics and professionals who provide assistance for those seeking it. 

It became the first city in Ohio to criminalize the action at all pregnancy stages.

On September 19, 2022, the city council passed a new ordinance slightly updating the terms of the one from the previous year. 

While abortion remains illegal in the city, many other actions tangentially related to the subject were not mentioned, such as providing financial support or transportation to a pregnant woman procuring it from an abortion provider.

Pregnant
Pregnant woman.

Another city that initially wanted to prohibit abortion at all stages was Mason, Ohio, which also passed a local ordinance to that effect in 2021. 

Nevertheless, that ordinance got repealed in December of that same year by the newly-elected city council.

Current Ohio Abortion Laws Quiz

Who signed Senate Bill 23 into law in Ohio?
When did Lebanon's city council first approve the ordinance banning abortion?
What stage of pregnancy does the 'Heartbeat Bill' target?
Which city in Ohio is known as a 'Sanctuary City for the Unborn'?
What is the nickname of Senate Bill 23 in Ohio?
What is the current gestational limit for abortions in most Ohio cities?
Which court initially blocked Ohio's 'Heartbeat Bill'?
Which city repealed its abortion ban ordinance in December 2021?
What did the Dobbs v. JWHO decision grant Ohio lawmakers?
When was Roe v. Wade overturned?

Frequently Asked Questions

Is abortion legal in Ohio?

Yes, abortion is legal in Ohio up to 22 weeks gestation in most cities, although there are ongoing legal challenges and restrictions in place.

What is the 'heartbeat bill' in Ohio?

The 'heartbeat bill' (Senate Bill 23) is an Ohio law that banned abortions from six weeks of gestation onwards, when fetal heartbeat activity is first detected. This law has faced legal challenges and is currently blocked, so the 22-week rule remains in effect during litigation.

Are there any cities in Ohio where abortion is completely banned?

Yes, Lebanon is the only city in Ohio where abortion is completely banned. It is often referred to as a 'Sanctuary City for the Unborn.' Other cities, like Mason, initially passed similar bans but later repealed them.

How did the overturning of Roe v. Wade affect abortion laws in Ohio?

The overturning of Roe v. Wade granted states more power to regulate abortion. In Ohio, this led to the enforcement of the previously blocked 'heartbeat bill,' though it has since been temporarily blocked again, leaving the 22-week rule in place while legal battles continue.

What is the current status of the 'heartbeat bill' in Ohio?

The 'heartbeat bill' was initially blocked by a federal court but was allowed to take effect after the Supreme Court's Dobbs v. JWHO decision. However, it was blocked again by the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas in October 2022, so the 22-week rule remains in effect during ongoing litigation.

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